Jerome Powell.  Courtesy of Bloomberg News.

Dear Commons Community,

The growing crisis in the insurance industry may make it hard to get a mortgage in parts of the country in the coming decades, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell said on Tuesday.  As reported by Yahoo Fianance and other media.

“If you fast-forward 10 or 15 years, there are going to be regions of the country where you can’t get a mortgage,” he said during his semiannual testimony to Congress, noting that banks and insurance companies have been pulling out of coastal and fire-prone areas they deem too high risk.

Insurers have been canceling policies across the country as climate change intensifies natural disasters, saddling them with multibillion-dollar losses. State Farm, for example, canceled thousands of policies in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles months before it was devastated by wildfires.

Because mortgage lenders typically require homeowners insurance as a condition of making a loan, prospective buyers with few alternatives are increasingly purchasing coverage from state-designed insurers of last resort, which can have higher premiums and skimpier coverage than traditional alternatives.

Banks and insurers won’t keep making loans or providing coverage when faced with evidence of disasters, Powell said in response to a question from Minnesota Sen. Tina Smith.

Questions about high housing costs came up repeatedly throughout Powell’s testimony. The Fed chair reiterated that interest rate normalization may help buyers in the years ahead, but much of the problems with affordability boil down to a lack of supply, an issue outside of the Fed’s purview.

“There’s a short-term problem that will go away in the coming years, but there’s a longer-term problem with housing affordability, and that’s going to be something that’s not within our authorities or powers to affect,” Powell said in response to a question from Sen. Ruben Gallego.

Even if rates do fall, Powell said it’s “not obvious” that lower rates would slow housing inflation because demand would likely rise.

“It would unlock people’s low mortgages, but that creates both a buyer and a seller,” Powell said. “It’s not clear that that would be something that would drive down housing inflation.”

When asked about the future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Powell said that the government’s backing of the mortgage giants “does hold down mortgage rates.” He said releasing them from conservatorship was ultimately a question for Congress, adding that “putting housing finance back in the private sector has some appeal over the longer run.”

Sad situation!

Tony

Dear Commons Community,

Elon Musk is attempting to put himself at the forefront of artificial intelligence with a high-stakes bid that could reshape the future of the technology. The Tesla and SpaceX founder is leading a group of investors who’ve offered to buy OpenAI, the parent company of ChatGPT, for $97.4 billion. The investment could give Musk majority control of the company, which rivals his X.AI program. In response to the unsolicited offer, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said in a post on X, “no thank you but we will buy Twitter for $9.74 billion if you want.” Their back-and-forth comes as political and business leaders are meeting at the Artificial Intelligence Action Summit in Paris to discuss how to create effective guardrails for AI without stifling innovation.  Below is further analysis and reporting by Matt O’Brien of  The Associated Press.

Tony

————————————————————–

The Associated Press

Elon Musk-led group proposes buying OpenAI for $97.4 billion. OpenAI CEO says ‘no thank you’

By  Matt OBrien

Updated 9:16 PM EST, February 10, 2025

A group of investors led by Elon Musk is offering about $97.4 billion to buy the nonprofit behind OpenAI, escalating a dispute with the artificial intelligence company that Musk helped found a decade ago.

Musk and his own AI startup, xAI, and a consortium of investment firms want to take control of the ChatGPT maker and revert it to its original charitable mission as a nonprofit research lab, according to Musk’s attorney Marc Toberoff.

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman quickly rejected the unsolicited bid on Musk’s social platform X, saying, “no thank you but we will buy Twitter for $9.74 billion if you want.”

Musk bought Twitter, now called X, for $44 billion in 2022.

Musk and Altman, who together helped start OpenAI in 2015 and later competed over who should lead it, have been in a long-running feud over the startup’s direction since Musk resigned from its board in 2018.

Musk, an early OpenAI investor and board member, sued the company last year, first in a California state court and later in federal court, alleging it had betrayed its founding aims as a nonprofit research lab that would benefit the public good by safely building better-than-human AI. Musk had invested about $45 million in the startup from its founding until 2018, Toberoff has said.

The sudden success of ChatGPT two years ago brought worldwide fame and a new revenue stream to OpenAI and also heightened the internal battles over the future of the organization and the advanced AI it was trying to develop. Its nonprofit board fired Altman in late 2023. He came back days later with a new board.

Now a fast-growing business still controlled by a nonprofit board bound to its original mission, OpenAI last year announced plans to formally change its corporate structure. But such changes are complicated. Tax law requires money or assets donated to a tax-exempt organization to remain within the charitable sector.

If the initial organization becomes a for-profit, generally, a conversion is needed where the for-profit pays the fair market value of the assets to another charitable organization. Even if the nonprofit OpenAI continues to exist in some way, some experts argue it would have to be paid fair market value for any assets that get transferred to its for-profit subsidiaries.

Lawyers for OpenAI and Musk faced off in a California federal court last week as a judge weighed Musk’s request for a court order that would block the ChatGPT maker from converting itself to a for-profit company.

U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers hasn’t yet ruled on Musk’s request but in the courtroom said it was a “stretch” for Musk to claim he will be irreparably harmed if she doesn’t intervene to stop OpenAI from moving forward with its planned transition.

But the judge also raised concerns about OpenAI and its relationship with business partner Microsoft and said she wouldn’t stop the case from moving to trial as soon as next year so a jury can decide.

“It is plausible that what Mr. Musk is saying is true. We’ll find out. He’ll sit on the stand,” she said.

Along with Musk and xAI, others backing the bid announced Monday include Baron Capital Group, Valor Management, Atreides Management, Vy Fund, Emanuel Capital Management and Eight Partners VC.

Toberoff said in a statement that if Altman and OpenAI’s current board “are intent on becoming a fully for-profit corporation, it is vital that the charity be fairly compensated for what its leadership is taking away from it: control over the most transformative technology of our time.”

Musk’s attorney also shared a letter he sent in early January to the attorneys general of California, where OpenAI operates, and Delaware, where it is incorporated.

Since both state offices must “ensure any such transactional process relating to OpenAI’s charitable assets provides at least fair market value to protect the public’s beneficial interest, we assume you will provide a process for competitive bidding to actually determine that fair market value,” Toberoff wrote, asking for more information on the terms and timing of that bidding process.

Credit…Stephen Hilger/Bloomberg News

Dear Commons Community,

For years, experts and government officials have called for eliminating the penny.

Since taking office, President Trump has set his sights on big targets, like buying  Greenland. But he has also taken aim at small ones, like paper straws. And pennies.

On Sunday night, Mr. Trump said he had ordered the Treasury secretary, Scott Bessent, to stop producing new pennies, a move that he said would help reduce unnecessary government spending.  As reported by The New York Times and other media.

“Let’s rip the waste out of our great nations budget, even if it’s a penny at a time,” he said in a post on Truth Social, adding that pennies “literally cost us more than 2 cents.”

It is unclear whether Mr. Trump has the power to do this. It is Congress, not the Treasury or the Federal Reserve, that authorizes the manufacture of the nation’s coins, according to the U.S. Mint.

But he is right that pennies cost more than they are worth. For years, experts and government officials have called for eliminating the penny, whose purchasing power has fallen because of inflation even as its production costs have risen.

It cost 3.69 cents to produce and distribute a penny last year, according to the U.S. Mint’s annual report. This means that, accounting for their face value, each penny made a loss of 2.69 cents.

Last year, the Mint issued over three billion pennies, according to its annual report, at a loss of about $85.3 million. Pennies, which are often given as change but rarely spent, accounted for more than half of all the coins the Mint produced that year. There were about 250 billion pennies in circulation, or about 700 per person, in the United States, last year.

Countries around the world have eliminated their smallest-denomination coins in recent decades.

In 2012, Canada stopped producing pennies, describing them as essentially a waste of time and space and arguing that the move would save millions of dollars a year. Since then, cash transactions have been rounded to the nearest nickel, after federal and provincial sales taxes are added.

Australia withdrew its one- and two-cent coins from circulation in 1992, citing inflation and production costs. Even earlier, countries like Sweden and New Zealand stopped minting their one-cent coins.

In Australia, the elimination of those coins “hasn’t mattered at all,” said Andrew Stoeckel, an honorary professor at the Australian National University’s Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis. In the U.S., given how little pennies are used, the move would also likely have a negligible impact on the economy, though the government would probably save some money, he said.

The movement to eliminate pennies has faced significant opposition. Americans for Common Cents, an advocacy group, has argued that eliminating pennies would not save money, because “many overhead expenses at the Mint would remain and would need to be absorbed by other coins, increasing their per-unit costs.”

In addition, the elimination of the penny will increase the demand for nickels, which are even more expensive to produce and distribute at 13.78 cents per coin, the organization said. (The dime is the smallest coin whose face value is greater than what it costs to produce.)

Penny proponents have also argued that eliminating the coin would effectively impose a one-cent sales tax on consumers, because prices ending in 99 cents are so common.

But much of the resistance may have to do with sentimentality, said Professor Stoeckel.

“People will put it in a paperweight or something; there’ll probably be some hoarding,” he said of the penny. “It’s just a memento kind of thing. There’s no significance.”

As a young child growing up in the 1950s, my mother would give me a few pennies (on good days as much as a nickel or dime) and I would go to the “candy store” and buy penny candy.  I loved the smell of the dozen or more candies (lollipops, bubble gum, sour balls, tootsie rolls) in the candy cabinet, each of which cost a penny.

Tony

Dear Colleagues,

The snow yesterday made for a winter wonderland at our lake.  These photos were from my driveway.  The house on the left is where we live.

Tony

Orlando Sentinel.

Dear Commons Community,

My colleague, Patsy Moskal, alerted me to an opinion piece written by Scott Maxwell, a columnist for the Orlando Sentinel, in which he laments the abysmal student test scores in Florida.  Here is an excerpt:

“For the past several years, Florida politicians have been on a crusade to censor books, whitewash history, bash teachers and even pass laws about preferred pronouns — basically do anything except actually educate students.

So it should come as little surprise that Florida schools just posted some of the worst scores in decades on what’s known as the “nation’s report card” for public schools.

We’re talking scores so low, Florida even trailed Mississippi in one category. Unless it’s a competition for mud pies or confederate war monuments, you should never trail Mississippi.

As the Orlando Sentinel recently reported, Florida’s eighth graders posted the lowest math scores in 20 years and the lowest reading scores in more than 25 years on the National Assessment of Educational Progress tests.”

Thank you Governor DeSantis and the Republicans controlling the Florida education system.

Tony

Dear Commons Community

Maureen Dowd had a column yesterday in The New York Times entitled, “Musk’s Lost Boys and Trump’s Mean Girls” in which she comments that to have the two of them running our government is simply “asking for it”.”  Here is her main message:

“Tom Stoppard wrote in “The Real Thing,” his enticing play about infidelity: “To marry one actress is unfortunate. To marry two is simply asking for it.”

Here’s a political corollary: To elect one Emperor of Chaos is unfortunate. To let two run the government is simply asking for it.

Presidents Trump and Musk have merged their cult followings, attention addictions, conspiratorial mind-sets, disinformation artistry, disdain for the Constitution, talent for apocalyptic marketing and jumping-from-thing-to-thing styles.

With a pitiless and mindless velocity, they are running roughshod over the government — and the globe.

Queasy D.C. denizens are waiting anxiously to see if judges can save the country from the scofflaws running it.”

Dowd concludes that eventually an aging and out of touch reality Trump will be turned into a bot by Musk.

“When Trump turns 80, as a birthday present, Elon and the lost boys could create an A.I.-fueled Trump bot, a real-time video head trained on his news conferences and everything he has ever tweeted.

Jaron Lanier, the father of virtual reality, slyly says that Trump would be “an unusually easy person to plausibly fake.”

“Gradually it’ll be normalized,” Lanier told me. “People will get used to it more and more, and then it’ll actually start to be treated as the president. If you look at it on your phone or your computer, it would look just like him. The underlying software could be presented as a hologram onstage. It might even run in the next election. And they’ll go to the Supreme Court and say, ‘We know that the president can only have two terms, but this isn’t really the president. This is the Trump bot and A.I.s are people, too.’ Essentially allowing a continuation of the same administration into a third term.”

All Hail President Trump Bot, engineered by Elon Musk.”

As sad as it is, Dowd’s article is important commentary on the state of our state.

The entire column is below.

Tony

——————————

The New York Times

Musk’s Lost Boys and Trump’s Mean Girls

Feb. 8, 2025

By Maureen Dowd

Opinion Columnist

Tom Stoppard wrote in “The Real Thing,” his enticing play about infidelity: “To marry one actress is unfortunate. To marry two is simply asking for it.”

Here’s a political corollary: To elect one Emperor of Chaos is unfortunate. To let two run the government is simply asking for it.

Presidents Trump and Musk have merged their cult followings, attention addictions, conspiratorial mind-sets, disinformation artistry, disdain for the Constitution, talent for apocalyptic marketing and jumping-from-thing-to-thing styles.

With a pitiless and mindless velocity, they are running roughshod over the government — and the globe.

Queasy D.C. denizens are waiting anxiously to see if judges can save the country from the scofflaws running it.

The two unchecked and unbalanced billionaires are entwined in a heady and earth-shattering relationship.

“I love @realDonaldTrump as much as a straight man can love another man,” Musk posted on X on Friday.

He may simply be offering affection to ward off any jealousy Trump felt when he saw Time’s new cover illustration: Musk in the Oval behind the Resolute Desk.

Elon Musk is brainy but he’s not your usual presidential brain trust.

Although everyone in Washington, including some in Trump’s inner circle, expect the two pathological narcissists to barrel into each other, they both seem to be getting what they want from the relationship.

Trump loves to be admired by the elites, and he adores money. Musk has gotten the keys to the American kingdom so he can attack “the woke mind virus,” which Musk says “killed” his “son,” who transitioned as a teenager. Both men are driven by revenge to smash up the government.

The president and the tech lord even have progeny, little Elons: the lost boys of DOGE, a gang of Gen-Zers in jeans with backpacks and bags of Doritos bursting into federal agencies to gut them and force bureaucrats to justify their existence.

Their backgrounds and work are shrouded in secrecy, even as they access the government’s most sensitive information.

“Muskrats,” as the bureaucrats they call “dinosaurs” named them, are rifling the government’s computers. A 19-year-old with the internet pseudonym “Big Balls” lost an earlier internship for leaking company secrets; a 25-year-old was ousted over racist posts. He wrote on X, “I was racist before it was cool,” and “You could not pay me to marry outside of my ethnicity,” and “Normalize Indian hate.” Even though he is married to an Indian American, Vice President JD Vance rescued the “kid,” as he called him, and helped him get his job back.

It’s not that we don’t need to rein in spending, including what is spent on risibly P.C. programs. But the disdain for Congress and the rule of law, and the glee at erasing so many jobs and programs, as if there is no human cost, is reprehensible. We are, after all, only carbon-based beings.

The lost boys of DOGE fit in well with the “Mean Girls” attitude of Trump’s Washington. On Friday, the DOGE X account posted before-and-after pictures of the U.S. Agency for International Development entrance; they had stripped it of all identification. Their post even trolled Kamala Harris, using her viral phrase: “Unburdened by what has been.”

The Silicon Valley digerati don’t care about the old world in Washington, D.C., churning out meddlesome regulations, laws and taxes. They are cocky about creating a new world, shaped by a new species, A.I.

Donald and Elon are emotional time bombs, lashing out in the crudest and cruelest ways. Trump’s amoral, puerile, wrecking-ball style is now squared by Musk’s.

It’s rich that the world’s richest man is rooting around trying to wipe out vast numbers of government workers, saying, “Sorry, you can’t have your $85,000 a year job and your health insurance.”

“They don’t care if the government delivers food or comes in and rescues your town from a flood or teaches poor kids in the inner city because they don’t have to live through any of those things themselves,” said the Trump biographer Tim O’Brien. “They’re rich and powerful, so they’re insulated from consequences of their actions.”

Trump cares about being popular and Musk doesn’t. So their relationship will probably remain strong until Elon cuts so many benefits from the Trump faithful that they tell Trump they no longer love him.

And the bromance may not end with a bang. It could very well end with a bot.

When Trump turns 80, as a birthday present, Elon and the lost boys could create an A.I.-fueled Trump bot, a real-time video head trained on his news conferences and everything he has ever tweeted.

Jaron Lanier, the father of virtual reality, slyly says that Trump would be “an unusually easy person to plausibly fake.”

“Gradually it’ll be normalized,” Lanier told me. “People will get used to it more and more, and then it’ll actually start to be treated as the president. If you look at it on your phone or your computer, it would look just like him. The underlying software could be presented as a hologram onstage. It might even run in the next election. And they’ll go to the Supreme Court and say, ‘We know that the president can only have two terms, but this isn’t really the president. This is the Trump bot and A.I.s are people, too.’ Essentially allowing a continuation of the same administration into a third term.”

All Hail President Trump Bot, engineered by Elon Musk.

Dear Commons Community,

Time magazine has revealed the cover of its latest edition, showing billionaire Elon Musk sitting behind the Resolute Desk in the White House’s Oval Office.

Musk, the wealthiest person on earth, is seen holding a beverage in one hand as he peers out from behind the iconic desk, used by U.S. presidents since the late 1880s.

An accompanying article titled “Inside Elon Musk’s War on Washington” covers Musk’s reshaping of America’s government since his appointment as the head of President Donald Trump’s Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE).

“No single private citizen, certainly not one whose wealth and web of businesses are directly subject to the oversight of federal authorities, has wielded such power over the machinery of the U.S. government,” the article states.

The multibillionaire tech and media mogul “has been deputized to dismantle vast swaths of the federal bureaucracy — slashing budgets, gutting the civil service, and stripping independent agencies of the ability to impede the President’s objectives,” it goes on.

This extreme appointment of power follows Musk being a loyal supporter and campaign donor to Trump, spending at least $288 million to help secure his reelection, according to a recent analysis by The Washington Post.

The next four years will change America forever. But HuffPost won’t back down when it comes to providing free and impartial journalism.

Since his election success, Trump has granted Musk widespread access to his inner orbit and the federal government’s spending, raising numerous ethics questions, including about the multibillion-dollar contracts that Musk’s businesses have with the federal government.

In the weeks since his arrival, Musk has assisted with the dismantling of the U.S. Agency for International Development, which he has publicly called “a criminal organization,” and he has been given access to the Treasury Department’s federal payment system and the Small Business Administration.

Musk has been labeled by the White House as a “special government employee.” He is not paid and is not full time, according to the ethics rules of such a title, but he does have top secret security clearance, a source told CNN.

The big question is:  How does Trump feel about the Time cover?

Tony

Dear Commons Community,

The Trump administration announced late Friday it is drastically reducing payments the National Institutes of Health makes to universities, hospitals, and institutes that help cover administrative costs, a move critics said will result in a catastrophic hit to science research across the country.

Federal NIH grants pay for a portion of the overhead costs required for institutions to conduct research, including construction, utility costs, and lab operation, known generally as “indirect costs,” in addition to the costs of the research itself. Typically, about 30% of an average NIH grant to an institution is earmarked for indirect costs, but some universities get much higher rates.

NIH said that starting tomorrow, a 15% indirect cost rate will now apply to all new and existing grants, saving taxpayers more than $4 billion a year.  As reported by The Huffington Post and Science.

“Can you believe that universities with tens of billions in endowments were siphoning off 60% of research award money for ‘overhead’? What a ripoff!” billionaire Elon Musk, the head of the Department of Government Efficiency empowered by Trump to unilaterally slash federal spending, wrote Friday in a post online.

The changes to NIH grants follow reports that Trump and Musk are seeking to gut the National Science Foundation and lay off half its staff, and that the president will soon issue an executive order laying off thousands of Health and Human Services workers.

Scientists and medical experts said the move to effectively slash NIH grants will interrupt research across the country, forcing institutions to cut staff, close labs, and cancel projects, threatening the United States’ role as a global leader in scientific and medical innovation.

“This approach to suddenly cutting NIH grant indirect costs will cause chaos and harm biomedical research and researchers in hospitals, schools and institutes nationwide. A sane government would never do this,” said Jeffrey Flier, a professor of medicine at Harvard University.

“This is not ‘trimming the fat,’” added F. Perry Wilson, an associate professor of medicine at Yale University. “This is cutting right to the bone. It will lead to mass layoffs at Academic research centers. These are places where FUNDAMENTAL science is done — science that industry won’t always fund because the ROI isn’t immediately clear.”

The Trump administration’s announcement gutting NIH funding is likely to draw legal challenges. Congress specifically prohibited the agency from changing its funding without its approval, per Samuel Bagenstos, who served as general counsel to the Department of Health and Human Services under President Joe Biden.

“By proposing an illegal and arbitrary indirect cost rate, Trump and Elon are functionally forcing an indiscriminate funding cut for research institutions across the country that will be nothing short of catastrophic for so much of the lifesaving research patients and families are counting on,” Sen. Patty Murray (D-Wash.), the top Democrat on the Senate Appropriations Committee, also warned in a statement on Friday.

The next four years will change America forever. But HuffPost won’t back down when it comes to providing free and impartial journalism.

“Sick kids may not get the treatment they need,” she added. “Clinical trials may be shut down abruptly with dangerous consequences. Just because Elon Musk doesn’t understand indirect costs doesn’t mean Americans should have to pay the price with their lives.”

This will hurt research institutions that derive significant overhead recovery monies from federal grants.

Tony

Dear Commons Community,

In an exclusive interview with The New York Post, Trump has formulated a plan to force New York to “kill” congestion pricing in Manhattan through the federal Department of Transportation.  

Among potential penalties available to the agency are withholding millions of dollars in funding and reopening the environmental review process that authorized the toll under the Biden administration.

Trump also vowed to rid Big Apple streets of bike lanes and criminal migrants, the president told The Post.  As reported.

He is hopeful that his “respect” for Gov. Hochul in their ongoing discussions will result in a mutually beneficial deal on the unpopular toll.

“Out of respect” for the governor, Trump refused to divulge details of at least two phone conversations the pair have had about ending the unpopular $9 tax on vehicles entering Manhattan during peak hours south of 60th Street, known as the Congestion Relief Zone.

Trump believes he and Hochul can still make a deal over ending the levy, which he slammed as “destructive to New York.”

“I think it’s really horrible, but I want to discuss it with her at this point,” he said. “If I decide to do it, I will be able to kill it off in Washington through the Department of Transportation.

“It’s a lot of power.”

At risk is part of the $36 billion in five-year federal transportation funding to New York state that extends to the end of 2026. Other federal grants might also be affected if Trump pounces on what New Yorkers are calling the congestion con.

The toll went into effect last month and the program’s revenues are ticketed for public transit infrastructure and arrest the decline in subway ridership by forcing people out of their cars.

But Trump says it’s only hurting business in his hometown.

“Traffic is way down because people can’t come into Manhattan and it’s only going to get worse,” he said. “People don’t know about it until they get the bill.”

Trump argued that New York “should focus on safety and cleanliness in the subway,” citing cases of straphangers being pushed onto the tracks by “thugs.”

“Cleanliness and efficiency are good but they gotta get tough on the thugs. They can’t be nice.”
Hochul has boasted that congestion pricing has reduced traffic, as intended. But Trump says that is not a positive sign:

“That’s because no one’s coming to the city.”

Trump also revealed to The Post that he wants to use his power to remove one of the biggest contributing factors to traffic congestion in the first place — bike lanes.

“They should get rid of the bike lanes and the sidewalks in the middle of the street,” he said. “They’re so bad. They’re dangerous. These [electric] bikes go at 20 miles an hour. They’re whacking people.”

As bike lanes multiply in NYC, pedestrian injuries have climbed steadily in the last five years. E-bikes and mopeds especially have made the city dangerous for pedestrians, according to the NYC E-Vehicle Safety Alliance, which is pushing for legislation to require the electronic bikes and scooters be registered and insured.

Priscilla’s Law is named after Priscilla Loke, who was killed by an e-bike in Chinatown in 2023.

Trump also warned that New York is next in the crosshairs of  his Justice Department over “sanctuary city” laws which obstruct his drive to deport criminal illegal aliens.

“We’ll have to” sue New York, he said.

“That’s a great thing to be suing over, anywhere where they have sanctuary cities. … New York doesn’t really want them. I don’t think anyone wants it. I think the only one who wants it are corrupt politicians.

“I don’t think the people want sanctuary cities. Why would they want to protect criminals?”

The DOJ last week filed a lawsuit against Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker and Chicago Mayor Brandon Johnson, accusing them of interfering with federal immigration enforcement. Trump’s border czar, Tom Homan, said “sanctuary cities are sanctuaries for criminals.”

We will have to wait and see if Trump is serious about his plans.

Tony