Trump  doesn’t view JD Vance as his successor in 2028!

Dear Commons Community,

President Trump has said it’s too early to know if he will support Vice President JD Vance as his would-be successor ahead of the 2028 election.

Fox News chief political anchor Bret Baier asked Trump, 78, in an interview taped ahead of Sunday’s Super Bowl: “Do you view Vice President JD Vance as your successor, the Republican nominee in 2028?”

“No, but he’s very capable,” Trump replied.

“I think you have a lot of very capable people,” the president added. “So far I think he’s doing a fantastic job. It’s too early. We’re just starting.”

“By the time we get to get to the midterms,” Baier interjected, “[Vance] is going to be looking for an endorsement.”

The clip aired yesterday, several hours after Vance, 40, landed in France with his family for the start of his first foreign trip as vice president.  It’s possible that Trump chose not to endorse Vance as his successor to avoid calling attention to the fact that he is constitutionally obligated to leave office when he completes his second term in January 2029.

The VP will attend an artificial intelligence summit in Paris before traveling to the annual Munich Security Conference in Germany, which will be held this coming weekend.

It’s possible that Trump chose not to endorse Vance as his successor to avoid calling attention to the fact that he is constitutionally obligated to leave office when he completes his second term in January 2029.

Trump frequently muses about changing the Constitution to serve a third term, but that’s understood partially as a way to avoid obtaining “lame duck” status that could sap his political power.

Vance is the third-youngest vice president in US history and was selected by Trump as his running mate in July at the urging of first son Donald Trump Jr.

At the time, Vance was viewed as the running mate who is most aligned with the Republican leader’s own populist views.

Vance represented Ohio in the Senate for two years and previously worked as a venture capitalist and lawyer. He is also a best-selling author, whose 2016 memoir “Hillbilly Elegy” was made into a 2020 movie by director Ron Howard.

Presidents don’t always support their vice president’s aspirations for higher office.

Then-President Barack Obama discouraged his No. 2, Joe Biden, from running for president in 2016, clearing the way for Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to claim the Democratic nomination.

Biden ultimately ran in 2020 and won the White House, succeeding in defeating Trump where Clinton had failed.

We will have to wait and see what Trump and Vance do!

Tony

Trump Orders Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent to Stop Minting Pennies!

Credit…Stephen Hilger/Bloomberg News

Dear Commons Community,

For years, experts and government officials have called for eliminating the penny.

Since taking office, President Trump has set his sights on big targets, like buying  Greenland. But he has also taken aim at small ones, like paper straws. And pennies.

On Sunday night, Mr. Trump said he had ordered the Treasury secretary, Scott Bessent, to stop producing new pennies, a move that he said would help reduce unnecessary government spending.  As reported by The New York Times and other media.

“Let’s rip the waste out of our great nations budget, even if it’s a penny at a time,” he said in a post on Truth Social, adding that pennies “literally cost us more than 2 cents.”

It is unclear whether Mr. Trump has the power to do this. It is Congress, not the Treasury or the Federal Reserve, that authorizes the manufacture of the nation’s coins, according to the U.S. Mint.

But he is right that pennies cost more than they are worth. For years, experts and government officials have called for eliminating the penny, whose purchasing power has fallen because of inflation even as its production costs have risen.

It cost 3.69 cents to produce and distribute a penny last year, according to the U.S. Mint’s annual report. This means that, accounting for their face value, each penny made a loss of 2.69 cents.

Last year, the Mint issued over three billion pennies, according to its annual report, at a loss of about $85.3 million. Pennies, which are often given as change but rarely spent, accounted for more than half of all the coins the Mint produced that year. There were about 250 billion pennies in circulation, or about 700 per person, in the United States, last year.

Countries around the world have eliminated their smallest-denomination coins in recent decades.

In 2012, Canada stopped producing pennies, describing them as essentially a waste of time and space and arguing that the move would save millions of dollars a year. Since then, cash transactions have been rounded to the nearest nickel, after federal and provincial sales taxes are added.

Australia withdrew its one- and two-cent coins from circulation in 1992, citing inflation and production costs. Even earlier, countries like Sweden and New Zealand stopped minting their one-cent coins.

In Australia, the elimination of those coins “hasn’t mattered at all,” said Andrew Stoeckel, an honorary professor at the Australian National University’s Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis. In the U.S., given how little pennies are used, the move would also likely have a negligible impact on the economy, though the government would probably save some money, he said.

The movement to eliminate pennies has faced significant opposition. Americans for Common Cents, an advocacy group, has argued that eliminating pennies would not save money, because “many overhead expenses at the Mint would remain and would need to be absorbed by other coins, increasing their per-unit costs.”

In addition, the elimination of the penny will increase the demand for nickels, which are even more expensive to produce and distribute at 13.78 cents per coin, the organization said. (The dime is the smallest coin whose face value is greater than what it costs to produce.)

Penny proponents have also argued that eliminating the coin would effectively impose a one-cent sales tax on consumers, because prices ending in 99 cents are so common.

But much of the resistance may have to do with sentimentality, said Professor Stoeckel.

“People will put it in a paperweight or something; there’ll probably be some hoarding,” he said of the penny. “It’s just a memento kind of thing. There’s no significance.”

As a young child growing up in the 1950s, my mother would give me a few pennies (on good days as much as a nickel or dime) and I would go to the “candy store” and buy penny candy.  I loved the smell of the dozen or more candies (lollipops, bubble gum, sour balls, tootsie rolls) in the candy cabinet, each of which cost a penny.

Tony

 

Scott Maxwell:  Florida Schools Posted Worst Test Scores in Decades!

 

Orlando Sentinel.

Dear Commons Community,

My colleague, Patsy Moskal, alerted me to an opinion piece written by Scott Maxwell, a columnist for the Orlando Sentinel, in which he laments the abysmal student test scores in Florida.  Here is an excerpt:

“For the past several years, Florida politicians have been on a crusade to censor books, whitewash history, bash teachers and even pass laws about preferred pronouns — basically do anything except actually educate students.

So it should come as little surprise that Florida schools just posted some of the worst scores in decades on what’s known as the “nation’s report card” for public schools.

We’re talking scores so low, Florida even trailed Mississippi in one category. Unless it’s a competition for mud pies or confederate war monuments, you should never trail Mississippi.

As the Orlando Sentinel recently reported, Florida’s eighth graders posted the lowest math scores in 20 years and the lowest reading scores in more than 25 years on the National Assessment of Educational Progress tests.”

Thank you Governor DeSantis and the Republicans controlling the Florida education system.

Tony

Maureen Dowd on Trump and Musk:  “To elect one Emperor of Chaos is unfortunate. To elect two is asking for it.”

Dear Commons Community

Maureen Dowd had a column yesterday in The New York Times entitled, “Musk’s Lost Boys and Trump’s Mean Girls” in which she comments that to have the two of them running our government is simply “asking for it”.”  Here is her main message:

“Tom Stoppard wrote in “The Real Thing,” his enticing play about infidelity: “To marry one actress is unfortunate. To marry two is simply asking for it.”

Here’s a political corollary: To elect one Emperor of Chaos is unfortunate. To let two run the government is simply asking for it.

Presidents Trump and Musk have merged their cult followings, attention addictions, conspiratorial mind-sets, disinformation artistry, disdain for the Constitution, talent for apocalyptic marketing and jumping-from-thing-to-thing styles.

With a pitiless and mindless velocity, they are running roughshod over the government — and the globe.

Queasy D.C. denizens are waiting anxiously to see if judges can save the country from the scofflaws running it.”

Dowd concludes that eventually an aging and out of touch reality Trump will be turned into a bot by Musk.

“When Trump turns 80, as a birthday present, Elon and the lost boys could create an A.I.-fueled Trump bot, a real-time video head trained on his news conferences and everything he has ever tweeted.

Jaron Lanier, the father of virtual reality, slyly says that Trump would be “an unusually easy person to plausibly fake.”

“Gradually it’ll be normalized,” Lanier told me. “People will get used to it more and more, and then it’ll actually start to be treated as the president. If you look at it on your phone or your computer, it would look just like him. The underlying software could be presented as a hologram onstage. It might even run in the next election. And they’ll go to the Supreme Court and say, ‘We know that the president can only have two terms, but this isn’t really the president. This is the Trump bot and A.I.s are people, too.’ Essentially allowing a continuation of the same administration into a third term.”

All Hail President Trump Bot, engineered by Elon Musk.”

As sad as it is, Dowd’s article is important commentary on the state of our state.

The entire column is below.

Tony

——————————

The New York Times

Musk’s Lost Boys and Trump’s Mean Girls

Feb. 8, 2025

By Maureen Dowd

Opinion Columnist

Tom Stoppard wrote in “The Real Thing,” his enticing play about infidelity: “To marry one actress is unfortunate. To marry two is simply asking for it.”

Here’s a political corollary: To elect one Emperor of Chaos is unfortunate. To let two run the government is simply asking for it.

Presidents Trump and Musk have merged their cult followings, attention addictions, conspiratorial mind-sets, disinformation artistry, disdain for the Constitution, talent for apocalyptic marketing and jumping-from-thing-to-thing styles.

With a pitiless and mindless velocity, they are running roughshod over the government — and the globe.

Queasy D.C. denizens are waiting anxiously to see if judges can save the country from the scofflaws running it.

The two unchecked and unbalanced billionaires are entwined in a heady and earth-shattering relationship.

“I love @realDonaldTrump as much as a straight man can love another man,” Musk posted on X on Friday.

He may simply be offering affection to ward off any jealousy Trump felt when he saw Time’s new cover illustration: Musk in the Oval behind the Resolute Desk.

Elon Musk is brainy but he’s not your usual presidential brain trust.

Although everyone in Washington, including some in Trump’s inner circle, expect the two pathological narcissists to barrel into each other, they both seem to be getting what they want from the relationship.

Trump loves to be admired by the elites, and he adores money. Musk has gotten the keys to the American kingdom so he can attack “the woke mind virus,” which Musk says “killed” his “son,” who transitioned as a teenager. Both men are driven by revenge to smash up the government.

The president and the tech lord even have progeny, little Elons: the lost boys of DOGE, a gang of Gen-Zers in jeans with backpacks and bags of Doritos bursting into federal agencies to gut them and force bureaucrats to justify their existence.

Their backgrounds and work are shrouded in secrecy, even as they access the government’s most sensitive information.

“Muskrats,” as the bureaucrats they call “dinosaurs” named them, are rifling the government’s computers. A 19-year-old with the internet pseudonym “Big Balls” lost an earlier internship for leaking company secrets; a 25-year-old was ousted over racist posts. He wrote on X, “I was racist before it was cool,” and “You could not pay me to marry outside of my ethnicity,” and “Normalize Indian hate.” Even though he is married to an Indian American, Vice President JD Vance rescued the “kid,” as he called him, and helped him get his job back.

It’s not that we don’t need to rein in spending, including what is spent on risibly P.C. programs. But the disdain for Congress and the rule of law, and the glee at erasing so many jobs and programs, as if there is no human cost, is reprehensible. We are, after all, only carbon-based beings.

The lost boys of DOGE fit in well with the “Mean Girls” attitude of Trump’s Washington. On Friday, the DOGE X account posted before-and-after pictures of the U.S. Agency for International Development entrance; they had stripped it of all identification. Their post even trolled Kamala Harris, using her viral phrase: “Unburdened by what has been.”

The Silicon Valley digerati don’t care about the old world in Washington, D.C., churning out meddlesome regulations, laws and taxes. They are cocky about creating a new world, shaped by a new species, A.I.

Donald and Elon are emotional time bombs, lashing out in the crudest and cruelest ways. Trump’s amoral, puerile, wrecking-ball style is now squared by Musk’s.

It’s rich that the world’s richest man is rooting around trying to wipe out vast numbers of government workers, saying, “Sorry, you can’t have your $85,000 a year job and your health insurance.”

“They don’t care if the government delivers food or comes in and rescues your town from a flood or teaches poor kids in the inner city because they don’t have to live through any of those things themselves,” said the Trump biographer Tim O’Brien. “They’re rich and powerful, so they’re insulated from consequences of their actions.”

Trump cares about being popular and Musk doesn’t. So their relationship will probably remain strong until Elon cuts so many benefits from the Trump faithful that they tell Trump they no longer love him.

And the bromance may not end with a bang. It could very well end with a bot.

When Trump turns 80, as a birthday present, Elon and the lost boys could create an A.I.-fueled Trump bot, a real-time video head trained on his news conferences and everything he has ever tweeted.

Jaron Lanier, the father of virtual reality, slyly says that Trump would be “an unusually easy person to plausibly fake.”

“Gradually it’ll be normalized,” Lanier told me. “People will get used to it more and more, and then it’ll actually start to be treated as the president. If you look at it on your phone or your computer, it would look just like him. The underlying software could be presented as a hologram onstage. It might even run in the next election. And they’ll go to the Supreme Court and say, ‘We know that the president can only have two terms, but this isn’t really the president. This is the Trump bot and A.I.s are people, too.’ Essentially allowing a continuation of the same administration into a third term.”

All Hail President Trump Bot, engineered by Elon Musk.

 

New Time Cover Shows Elon Musk Sitting Behind Trump’s Resolute Desk

Dear Commons Community,

Time magazine has revealed the cover of its latest edition, showing billionaire Elon Musk sitting behind the Resolute Desk in the White House’s Oval Office.

Musk, the wealthiest person on earth, is seen holding a beverage in one hand as he peers out from behind the iconic desk, used by U.S. presidents since the late 1880s.

An accompanying article titled “Inside Elon Musk’s War on Washington” covers Musk’s reshaping of America’s government since his appointment as the head of President Donald Trump’s Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE).

“No single private citizen, certainly not one whose wealth and web of businesses are directly subject to the oversight of federal authorities, has wielded such power over the machinery of the U.S. government,” the article states.

The multibillionaire tech and media mogul “has been deputized to dismantle vast swaths of the federal bureaucracy — slashing budgets, gutting the civil service, and stripping independent agencies of the ability to impede the President’s objectives,” it goes on.

This extreme appointment of power follows Musk being a loyal supporter and campaign donor to Trump, spending at least $288 million to help secure his reelection, according to a recent analysis by The Washington Post.

The next four years will change America forever. But HuffPost won’t back down when it comes to providing free and impartial journalism.

Since his election success, Trump has granted Musk widespread access to his inner orbit and the federal government’s spending, raising numerous ethics questions, including about the multibillion-dollar contracts that Musk’s businesses have with the federal government.

In the weeks since his arrival, Musk has assisted with the dismantling of the U.S. Agency for International Development, which he has publicly called “a criminal organization,” and he has been given access to the Treasury Department’s federal payment system and the Small Business Administration.

Musk has been labeled by the White House as a “special government employee.” He is not paid and is not full time, according to the ethics rules of such a title, but he does have top secret security clearance, a source told CNN.

The big question is:  How does Trump feel about the Time cover?

Tony

Trump Administration Orders Funding Cuts for Science Research and Reducing Indirect Costs!

Dear Commons Community,

The Trump administration announced late Friday it is drastically reducing payments the National Institutes of Health makes to universities, hospitals, and institutes that help cover administrative costs, a move critics said will result in a catastrophic hit to science research across the country.

Federal NIH grants pay for a portion of the overhead costs required for institutions to conduct research, including construction, utility costs, and lab operation, known generally as “indirect costs,” in addition to the costs of the research itself. Typically, about 30% of an average NIH grant to an institution is earmarked for indirect costs, but some universities get much higher rates.

NIH said that starting tomorrow, a 15% indirect cost rate will now apply to all new and existing grants, saving taxpayers more than $4 billion a year.  As reported by The Huffington Post and Science.

“Can you believe that universities with tens of billions in endowments were siphoning off 60% of research award money for ‘overhead’? What a ripoff!” billionaire Elon Musk, the head of the Department of Government Efficiency empowered by Trump to unilaterally slash federal spending, wrote Friday in a post online.

The changes to NIH grants follow reports that Trump and Musk are seeking to gut the National Science Foundation and lay off half its staff, and that the president will soon issue an executive order laying off thousands of Health and Human Services workers.

Scientists and medical experts said the move to effectively slash NIH grants will interrupt research across the country, forcing institutions to cut staff, close labs, and cancel projects, threatening the United States’ role as a global leader in scientific and medical innovation.

“This approach to suddenly cutting NIH grant indirect costs will cause chaos and harm biomedical research and researchers in hospitals, schools and institutes nationwide. A sane government would never do this,” said Jeffrey Flier, a professor of medicine at Harvard University.

“This is not ‘trimming the fat,’” added F. Perry Wilson, an associate professor of medicine at Yale University. “This is cutting right to the bone. It will lead to mass layoffs at Academic research centers. These are places where FUNDAMENTAL science is done — science that industry won’t always fund because the ROI isn’t immediately clear.”

The Trump administration’s announcement gutting NIH funding is likely to draw legal challenges. Congress specifically prohibited the agency from changing its funding without its approval, per Samuel Bagenstos, who served as general counsel to the Department of Health and Human Services under President Joe Biden.

“By proposing an illegal and arbitrary indirect cost rate, Trump and Elon are functionally forcing an indiscriminate funding cut for research institutions across the country that will be nothing short of catastrophic for so much of the lifesaving research patients and families are counting on,” Sen. Patty Murray (D-Wash.), the top Democrat on the Senate Appropriations Committee, also warned in a statement on Friday.

The next four years will change America forever. But HuffPost won’t back down when it comes to providing free and impartial journalism.

“Sick kids may not get the treatment they need,” she added. “Clinical trials may be shut down abruptly with dangerous consequences. Just because Elon Musk doesn’t understand indirect costs doesn’t mean Americans should have to pay the price with their lives.”

This will hurt research institutions that derive significant overhead recovery monies from federal grants.

Tony

Trump to go after congestion pricing, bike lanes and sanctuary city status in New York City!

Dear Commons Community,

In an exclusive interview with The New York Post, Trump has formulated a plan to force New York to “kill” congestion pricing in Manhattan through the federal Department of Transportation.  

Among potential penalties available to the agency are withholding millions of dollars in funding and reopening the environmental review process that authorized the toll under the Biden administration.

Trump also vowed to rid Big Apple streets of bike lanes and criminal migrants, the president told The Post.  As reported.

He is hopeful that his “respect” for Gov. Hochul in their ongoing discussions will result in a mutually beneficial deal on the unpopular toll.

“Out of respect” for the governor, Trump refused to divulge details of at least two phone conversations the pair have had about ending the unpopular $9 tax on vehicles entering Manhattan during peak hours south of 60th Street, known as the Congestion Relief Zone.

Trump believes he and Hochul can still make a deal over ending the levy, which he slammed as “destructive to New York.”

“I think it’s really horrible, but I want to discuss it with her at this point,” he said. “If I decide to do it, I will be able to kill it off in Washington through the Department of Transportation.

“It’s a lot of power.”

At risk is part of the $36 billion in five-year federal transportation funding to New York state that extends to the end of 2026. Other federal grants might also be affected if Trump pounces on what New Yorkers are calling the congestion con.

The toll went into effect last month and the program’s revenues are ticketed for public transit infrastructure and arrest the decline in subway ridership by forcing people out of their cars.

But Trump says it’s only hurting business in his hometown.

“Traffic is way down because people can’t come into Manhattan and it’s only going to get worse,” he said. “People don’t know about it until they get the bill.”

Trump argued that New York “should focus on safety and cleanliness in the subway,” citing cases of straphangers being pushed onto the tracks by “thugs.”

“Cleanliness and efficiency are good but they gotta get tough on the thugs. They can’t be nice.”
Hochul has boasted that congestion pricing has reduced traffic, as intended. But Trump says that is not a positive sign:

“That’s because no one’s coming to the city.”

Trump also revealed to The Post that he wants to use his power to remove one of the biggest contributing factors to traffic congestion in the first place — bike lanes.

“They should get rid of the bike lanes and the sidewalks in the middle of the street,” he said. “They’re so bad. They’re dangerous. These [electric] bikes go at 20 miles an hour. They’re whacking people.”

As bike lanes multiply in NYC, pedestrian injuries have climbed steadily in the last five years. E-bikes and mopeds especially have made the city dangerous for pedestrians, according to the NYC E-Vehicle Safety Alliance, which is pushing for legislation to require the electronic bikes and scooters be registered and insured.

Priscilla’s Law is named after Priscilla Loke, who was killed by an e-bike in Chinatown in 2023.

Trump also warned that New York is next in the crosshairs of  his Justice Department over “sanctuary city” laws which obstruct his drive to deport criminal illegal aliens.

“We’ll have to” sue New York, he said.

“That’s a great thing to be suing over, anywhere where they have sanctuary cities. … New York doesn’t really want them. I don’t think anyone wants it. I think the only one who wants it are corrupt politicians.

“I don’t think the people want sanctuary cities. Why would they want to protect criminals?”

The DOJ last week filed a lawsuit against Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker and Chicago Mayor Brandon Johnson, accusing them of interfering with federal immigration enforcement. Trump’s border czar, Tom Homan, said “sanctuary cities are sanctuaries for criminals.”

We will have to wait and see if Trump is serious about his plans.

Tony

Will Generative AI exacerbate the climate crisis?

Will Generative AI exacerbate the climate crisis? ADOBE Stock Photo.

Dear Commons Community,

In a letter to “Science”, three Chinese scientists, Qiong Chen1, Jinghui Wang2, and Jialun Lin1∗, raise concerns about the effects of AI expansion on climate. They comment that the explosion of generative AI is exacerbating the global climate crisis. As reported by Science.

“The economic benefits of generative artificial intelligence (AI) could reach US$7.9 trillion annually (1). The emergence of groundbreaking generative AI tools has spurred development (2). However, the explosion of generative AI is exacerbating the global climate crisis. The scientific community, industry, and policy-makers must urgently address its effects.

ChatGPT, a natural language processing tool released by OpenAI in 2022 (3), has sparked a global wave of large language models, driving a surge in demand for intelligent computing power. Concurrently, climate challenges continue unabated. The combined electricity consumption of the AI and cryptocurrency industries reached 460 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2022, accounting for about 2% of the global total energy consumption. Consumption is projected to reach 1000 TWh by 2026 (4). In 2024, increased energy consumption by data centers drove a surge in carbon emissions (5). As the generative AI industry expands, its electricity consumption is expected to grow rapidly (5).

The energy consumption of generative AI stems from the huge computational power required during model training and the resources expended in responding to user queries (6). ChatGPT will likely consume more than half a million kilowatt-hours of electricity daily to handle about 200 million user requests (7). The latest model, OpenAI o1, incurs even greater carbon emissions when tackling complex reasoning tasks (8). High-performance hardware, such as graphics and tensor processing units, requires additional electricity to power cooling systems and consume substantial amounts of water (9).

Principles such as the Montreal Declaration for a Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence (10) have been widely accepted in pursuit of sustainable generative AI. Since 2023, internet technology companies around the world have invested heavily in purchasing clean energy (11). However, greenhouse gas emissions have still risen substantially because of the surge in generative AI research and development (4).

Researchers must explore methods to reduce generative AI’s energy consumption. For example, measuring AI’s total footprint on the environment throughout its life cycle can pinpoint opportunities to reduce its negative effects. Transferring knowledge from a complex model to a simpler, smaller, and more efficient model can reduce computational costs while maintaining model performance. Transforming highdimensional data into low-dimensional data while maintaining important information can help simplify the data, reduce computational costs, and improve model performance (6). In addition, enterprises need to publicly disclose the actual energy consumption of their generative AI projects. Nations should regulate generative AI technologies and refine sustainable generative AI regulations. Strengthening regional communication will facilitate the creation of international standards and norms as well as knowledge sharing and innovation (12). Countries should also bolster support for renewable energy sources and raise public awareness of generative AI’s environmental impact through education and advocacy.

∗Corresponding authors.

1School of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University (Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences), Haikou, China.

2Modern Education Technology Center, Hainan Medical University (Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences), Haikou, China.

References

  1. “The economic potential of generative AI: The next productivity frontier” (McKinsey & Company, 2023); https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-economic-potential-of-generative-ai-the-nextproductivity-frontier#introduction.
  2. “Generative AI: Steam engine of the fourth industrial revolution?” (World Economic Forum, 2024); https://www.weforum.org/events/worldeconomic-forum-annual-meeting-2024/sessions/industry-applications-of-generative-ai/.
  3. “Introducing ChatGPT” (OpenAI, 2022); https://openai.com/index/chatgpt/.
  4. “Electricity 2024: Analysis and forecast to 2026” (International Energy Agency, 2024); https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-2024.
  5. “Powering the AI revolution” (Morgan Stanley, 2024); https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/ai-energy-demand-infrastructure.
  6. J. An, W. Ding, C. Lin, Nature 615, 586 (2023).
  7. A. de Vries, Joule 7, 2191 (2023).
  8. M. Zeitlin, “What does OpenAI’s new breakthrough mean for energy consumption?” (HEATMAP, 2024); https://heatmap.news/technology/openai-o1-energy.
  9. Z. Wang, “How AI consumes water: The unspoken environmental footprint” (Deepgram, 2024); https://deepgram.com/learn/how-ai-consumes-water.
  10. “Montreal Declaration for a responsible development of artificial intelligence” (Université de Montréal, 2018); https://www.montrealdeclaration-responsibleai.com.
  11. K. Harrison, “Amazon is top green energy buyer in a market dominated by US” (BloombergNEF, 2024); https://about.bnef.com/blog/amazon-is-top-greenenergy-buyer-in-a-market-dominated-by-us/.
  12. R. Raper et al., Sustainability 14, 4019 (2022).

Tony

Vilcek Foundation Celebrates Four Immigrant Scientists!

Marianne Bronner, Elham Azizi, Guosong Hong, and Maayan Levy. Photos:  Courtesy of the Vilcek Fondation.

Dear Commons Community,

Those of us who work in research institutions understand that scientific progress in the United States is inextricably linked to the contributions of immigrants. Their efforts have improved lives worldwide and established this country as a beacon of scientific discovery. Immigrants represent 28% of the American recipients of Nobel Prizes awarded in physics, chemistry, and medicine between 1901 and 2024.

The Vilcek Foundation was established in 2000 to recognize and celebrate immigrant contributions to culture and society in the United States, with a focus on biomedical science and the arts and humanities. This year, the Foundation awarded a total of $250,000 in prizes to immigrant scientists, honoring foreign-born professionals at the forefront of research in immunotherapy, brain imaging, metabolite-based therapy, and human development. Marianne Bronner receives the $100,000 Vilcek Prize in Biomedical Science; Elham Azizi, Guosong Hong, and Maayan Levy each receive a $50,000 Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise.  Here are brief biographies of the four winners.

Marianne Bronner

California Institute of Technology

Marianne Bronner was 4 years old when her family fled communist Hungary. Her early enthusiasm for physics transformed into a fascination with developmental biology, particularly the functions of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). This group of transient, migratory cells found early in vertebrate development differentiate into a wide variety of cell types in the body and may have potential in regenerative therapies. Bronner’s career-long examination of NCSCs has led to the identification of the mechanisms that drive genetic regulation of cell migration and differentiation, and furthered scientists’ understanding of NCSC involvement in congenital disorders, cancer metastasis, and heart regeneration. She receives the Vilcek Prize for advancing science’s understanding of how NSCSs contribute to the development of the nervous system, heart, and skeleton.

A pioneer in her field, Bronner prioritizes helping mentees develop their strengths and navigate careers. “I’ve never taken for granted the access to opportunities in a free country that helped me realize my dream of being a scientist.”

Elham Azizi

Columbia University

Elham Azizi embodies the concept of a multidisciplinary approach to difficult problems. The Iranian-born computational biologist leverages an innate curiosity and background in genomics and bioengineering to reveal insights into cancer progression and persistence. She receives a Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in recognition of ongoing efforts to enlist machine learning and artificial intelligence to unmask how the immune system interacts with complex diseases.

Azizi’s efforts capitalize on tools offering an unprecedented opportunity to model a patient’s unique immunological fingerprint and disease phenotype. “The ultimate goal is to translate strategies for targeting cancer and other diseases into effective, personalized immunotherapies for patients.̶

Guosong Hong

Stanford University

Born to working-class parents in China, Guosong Hong’s fascination with the physical and chemical properties of matter was ignited by a children’s book of chemistry experiments. Now a materials scientist at Stanford University, his research has accelerated breakthroughs in biological imaging and neuromodulation. Hong receives the Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in recognition of his development of noninvasive methods to visualize complex physiological processes in real time.

Hong’s work to optimize deep-tissue and brain imaging promises to allow glimpses of previously invisible biological processes. “The culture of academic freedom in this country has guided my career,” he says. “Collaborations with brilliant colleagues continue to motivate new discoveries.”

Maayan Levy

Stanford University

Immunologist and microbiologist Maayan Levy receives the Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in recognition of her work on the efficacy of metabolites for the prevention and treatment of cancer, chronic inflammation, and other diseases.

Growing up in Israel, Levy witnessed firsthand how immigration can affect integration and equality; she carries this core experience in her practice, and advocates for minority students in the sciences. She is also a passionate supporter of women in STEM, especially those with children. As a principal investigator and mother, Levy appreciates the demands and rewards of each role and advocates for colleagues balancing parenthood and careers in science. “Creating an environment that minimizes compromises between being a scientist and mother encourages people to excel at both.”

Congratulations to these four scholars!

Tony