New Book:  “The Dictionary of Lost Words” by Pip Williams

 

Dear Commons Community,

I have just finished reading, The Dictionary of Lost Words  by Pip Williams.  It is an historical novel with two plots, both relating to the development of the 1st edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.   Plot one is the development of the dictionary itself led by chief editor Sir William Murray and his associates in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The second and more provocative fictional plot focuses on a character, Esme, who spends her childhood in Oxford in the Scriptorium with her father, Da, who is one of Murray’s associates who took on the painstakingly, decades-long task of assembling the dictionary.  As reviewed by Publishers Weekly, The Dictionary of Lost Dictionary is an exuberant story of the “daughter of a lexigrapher who devotes her life to an alternate dictionary and a feminist take on language that will move readers.  The author, Pip Williams, has done a masterful job in telling the story of The Dictionary of Lost Words.”

Anyone interested in words and how they shape our thoughts and feelings will love this book.

Below is a review of The Dictionary of Lost Words that appeared in reddit.

Tony

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reddit

Book Review – Dictionary of Lost Words

Pip Williams

Historical Fiction

One of the best books i ever read, and i am not even a fan of historical fictions!

I never even paused for a moment before picking up a dictionary and finding words and their meanings, dictionary just existed for me – I did not think about how much work went into creating one! how many people were involved, what was the process, and how the words were collected or discarded.

Sir James Murray began compiling the dictionary in 1879. It was unfinished at his death in 1915 and completed by his fellow editors in 1928. The second edition appeared in 1989; the third edition is currently being worked upon.

Dictionary of Lost words is brilliant, well researched, detailed and refreshing, and never once boring. The first few chapters have my heart – the journey of young Esme has such innocence, that it’s reads like a song!

The story starts and revolves around the first-ever edition of the Oxford English Dictionary and Esme whose life starts weaves itself around that dictionary – the words that esteemed men of the Dictionary committee chose, selected, and finalized to be a part of the mega mission – of course a few women were involved too but they were not the decision-makers. This story is deep-rooted in reality, most characters and most accounts are real except for a few main ones – the protagonists who make this history of dictionary, the suffragette movement, and WW1 lyrical, heart-wrenching, moving, warm, beautiful, and breathtaking. Yes, so many adjectives and all well deserved.

The blurb states that six years old Esme, daughter of a lexicographer, lives her life in the womb of scriptorium – the place where the dictionary starts its journey, and through the years, she starts rescuing some words, words that were either not important enough or had not been ever written down – each word in the dictionary had to have a textual history – but that meant that words which were not ever written down, words of the uneducated, of tradespeople, of women, were lost. This became Esme’s project, those Lost Words.

She started rescuing words from the scriptorium, from the local market, from an old prostitute, from women she met on her journey of life, from people whose words were not good enough to be part of the prestigious books, words that were deemed obscene and vulgar by the men of the dictionary.

This is also a tale of extraordinary friendships born out of the quest for those lost words, this is the story of Lizzie Lester the bondsmaid (an important word in the book), of Mabel the market crone, of Tilda, of women of suffragette movements, of Ditte, of Beth, of daughters of Dr Murray who contributed their lives to the mission of dictionary but were lost in the pages of history because they were not men, they existed in real life. The book talks about those historical women who were as much a part of the history of the dictionary but were forgotten, lack of representation, and the major flaw in the system of dictionary creation.

If you are a word lover, linguist, lexicographer, or grammarian, this is the novel you’ve been waiting for without even realizing it. The Dictionary of Lost Words is a delightful, lyrical (I know I have used the word a few times now, but this is the most suited word that describes the novel), and deeply thought-provoking celebration of words and the power of language to shape the world.

The book burns slowly, takes its own time in shaping up, in becoming a captivating fictional paean to the real women whose work on the Oxford English Dictionary went largely unheralded – as rightfully said by the NYT. As the author said, the dictionary, just like the English Language, is a work in progress.

My advice is, do not gobble the book, drink it like sips of wine, a little at a time, savor it, and let it sink in, it is not just a story – it needs time to get under your skin and to make you think.

𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐪𝐮𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬:

‘…𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.’

‘𝐼 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛, 𝐼 ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑝 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝐼 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠. 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼 𝑑𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 – 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝐼’𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑙.’

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑.

‘𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠…’

𝐴 𝑣𝑢𝑙𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑, 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑣𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑟, 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡.

‘𝑆𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑑𝑜𝑛’𝑡 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑘?’ 𝑠ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑑, 𝑡𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑. ‘𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠, 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑝 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑝. 𝐼𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑡.’

‘60 Minutes’ Chief Bill Owens Quits, Citing Interference from Paramount

Bill Owens

Dear Commons Community,

The executive producer of CBS News’ “60 Minutes,” Bill Owens, said he will leave his job, citing an increasing lack of ability “to make independent decisions based on what was right for ’60 Minutes,’ right for the audience” as parent company Paramount Global tries to move past a lawsuit filed against CBS News by President Donald Trump and secure its future in a merger with Skydance Media.  As reported by Variety.

“Over the past months, it has also become clear that I would not be allowed to run the show as I have always run it,” Owens told staffers in a memo Tuesday, adding: “So, having defended this show — and what we stand for — from every angle, over time with everything I could,  I am stepping aside so the show can move forward.” Owens made his announcement during an emotional Tuesday meeting with “60 Minutes” staffers, including Scott Pelley, according to a person familiar with the matter, and received a standing ovation from staff.

One “60 Minutes” staffer suggested personnel ascribed Owens’ exit to Paramount’s corporate desires. “Bill Owens cares deeply about upholding the quality and independence of ’60 Minutes,’ as all of us who work on this legendary broadcast do,” this person says. “It’s quite obvious now that sentiment is not shared by those at the top of the corporation eager to get a deal done.”

Tanya Simon will serve as the program’s interim leader, and is seen as a likely candidate to replace Owens at the helm, according to two people familiar with the matter. Simon was named executive editor of the program in 2019 and has been with CBS News since 1996. If named to the role permanently, she would be the first woman to lead the show in its many decades on air. She is the daughter of Bob Simon, a former “60 Minutes” correspondent. The show is not expected to change any of its current story plans, this person says.

CBS is “committed to ’60 Minutes’ and to ensuring that the mission and the work remain our priority,” said Wendy McMahon, the executive who oversees CBS News, and the company’s local station and syndication business, in a memo.  “We have already begun conversations with correspondents and senior leaders, and those will continue in the days and weeks ahead.”

Paramount Global declined to comment.

But the company’s view of “60 Minutes” as a potential distraction from its deal plans had become clear. In January, Paramount installed Susan Zirinsky, a former CBS News president, as a sort of “executive editor” assigned to deal with standards and practices after CBS News grappled not only with the aforementioned lawsuit, but also other controversies that included “60 Minutes” and “CBS Mornings.” After some time, it had become more clear that Owens and “60 Minutes” were being handled differently than in the past, even though the program has its own executives assigned to navigate journalism issues and legal practices.

Owens’ decision to leave comes as executives at Paramount, including controlling shareholder Shari Redstone, have continued to express interest in settling a lawsuit filed by Trump in federal court in the Northern District of Texas in November, alleging that “60 Minutes” tried to mislead voters by airing two different edits of remarks made in an interview with former Vice President Kamala Harris, then Trump’s rival for the White House. CBS sought to have the case thrown out, and many legal experts have expressed the notion that the suit’s legal standing is flimsy.

His departure is likely to be seen as a stain on Paramount’s management of the program, which is in the midst of its 57th season.

Broadcast-news divisions generate much of the controversy around media conglomerates such as Paramount, Comcast, and Disney, but in most cases, only a small portion of the profits. To be sure, “60 Minutes” has run headlong into the economics of its corporate owners in the past. In 1995, CBS forced the newsmagazine, then run by founder Don Hewitt, to hold a report alleging that tobacco giant Brown & Williamson had hidden the health risks inherent in its cigarettes. At the time, some CBS executives had an interest in avoiding legal entanglements with that company. In the end, The Wall Street Journal beat “60 Minutes” to the story, and CBS News was accused by The New York Times of betraying the legacy of one of its best-known journalists, Edward R. Murrow. And the show has created plenty of controversy in the past, sometimes with unforced errors. In 2013, then-correspondent Lara Logan took a leave of absence from the show after a flawed report on Benghazi was found to have failed to substantiate some of the assertions of one of its key sources.

Other sizable media companies have kowtowed to Trump in a bid to make legal pressures vanish. Disney late last year agreed to pay a settlement of $15 million to Donald Trump’s presidential library after anchor George Stephanopoulos asserted incorrectly in March of 2024 on air that Trump had been found liable in a court case for raping writer E. Jean Carroll.

Owens has in recent weeks urged the program’s popular correspondents to focus on their jobs, but according to three people familiar with the matter, there have been discussions among staffers about how to protest any perception that Paramount would actively undermine the program, one of the jewels of TV journalism, by settling a legal matter viewed by many experts as flimsy at best. Trump and Paramount had already engaged a mediator to help settle the matter, having been unable to do so on their own.

Owens had been firm in recent weeks that “60 Minutes” should not be forced to apologize for the use of different edits of interview last year of former Vice President Kamala Harris in the days ahead of the 2024 election. One edit, shown during a short promo on CBS’ “Face The Nation,” and one that aired on the newsmagazine itself, which provided different portions of the then-Democratic candidate’s response, were used to accuse CBS News of deceptive practices.

His departure could upset other CBS News endeavors. Owens was also overseeing a massive effort to overhaul “CBS Evening News,” and had put in place a new format that relies less on the breaking stories of the day and more feature stories and enterprise news that examines reaction to Washington policy from across the nation. The show has two anchors, rather than the usual single host, and has grappled with ratings challenges since its debut earlier this year.

Owens took the reins at “60 Minutes” in 2019, following the departure of previous head Jeff Fager. During his time at the helm, he has tested an array of new ways to make the program relevant to younger viewers, including a version of the newsmagazine for streaming outlets including Paramount+ and the now-defunct Quibi. The show recently expanded its foray into podcasts and a free ad-supported streaming channel as well.

 Good luck to Mr. Owens!

Tony

We mourn the passing of Pope Francis

Dear Commons Community,

We mourn the passing of Pope Francis who died yesterday.  He was a good pope and one Catholics could be proud of.

The Vatican today released the first images  of Pope Francis in his casket at the Casa Santa Marta, the guesthouse where the late pontiff had lived since being elected in 2013.

The Holy See said the pope’s body will be transferred via a procession on Wednesday to St. Peter’s Basilica, where he will lie in state until his funeral on Saturday morning.

Millions of mourners are expected to pass through and pay their respects.

Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin, left, prays in front of the body of Pope Francis laid out in state inside his private chapel at the Vatican, Monday, April 21, 2025. (Vatican Media via AP, HO)

After the funeral, the pope will be entombed at the Basilica of St. Mary Major, in accordance with his wishes.

Francis died on Monday at the age of 88 after a series of health problems culminating in a stroke, coma and heart failure.

Pope Francis’s body is laid out in state inside his private chapel at the Vatican, Monday, April 21, 2025. (Vatican Media via AP, HO)

Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, Dean of the College of Cardinals, will preside over the funeral Mass on Saturday.

Pope Francis’s body is laid out in state inside his private chapel at the Vatican, Monday, April 21, 2025. From left, Dean Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, unidentified bishop, Secretary of State Pietro Parolin, Master of Ceremonies Archbishop Diego Giovanni Ravelli, Cardinal Camerlengo Kevin Joseph Farrell, and Master of Ceremonies Lubomir Welnitz. (Vatican Media via AP, HO)

The Vatican also released footage of Cardinal Camerlengo Kevin Farrell presiding over the rite of the ascertainment of death on Monday evening in the chapel of the Casa Santa Marta:

Earlier in the day, the door to Francis’ apartment was sealed in accordance with tradition:

After Francis’ funeral, the cardinals will meet in a conclave to choose a new pope.

No date has been set, but in accordance with custom is expected to begin between May 6 and May 12

Maureen Dowd: Lot About Trump Doesn’t Add Up

Courtesy of WHYY

The New York Times‘ Maureen Dowd had a scathing column on Trump on Sunday entitled,  “Lot About Trump Doesn’t Add Up.”  Here is her introduction.

“You have to give it to Donald Trump. The man is a marvel at multitasking.

In one sensational swoop, President Trump was able to set the global economy reeling, shatter our alliances, shred our standing in the world, tank consumer confidence, scupper the Kennedy Center and tart up the Oval Office, turning it into Caesars Palace on the Potomac.

And yet he still managed to find time to brag about winning his Jupiter golf club’s championship and sign an executive order relaxing restrictions on water pressure from shower heads — “I like to take a nice shower to take care of my beautiful hair,” the president cooed. He also ordered an investigation of an election security official he had fired four years ago for having the temerity to acknowledge that the 2020 election was not stolen.

“We’re living in a bizarro world where heroes are being targeted and scoundrels are in a position to target them,” David Axelrod told me.

And her conclusion: 

“The former casino owner in the White House brags that he has never gambled. But he is gambling with Americans’ lives and futures. How strange, as even the dollar loses its allure, that a man long considered a branding savant has so badly mucked up the U.S. brand.”

The entire column is below.

Tony


The New York Times

Lot About Trump Doesn’t Add Up

April 12, 2025

You have to give it to Donald Trump. The man is a marvel at multitasking.

In one sensational swoop, President Trump was able to set the global economy reeling, shatter our alliances, shred our standing in the world, tank consumer confidence, scupper the Kennedy Center and tart up the Oval Office, turning it into Caesars Palace on the Potomac.

And yet he still managed to find time to brag about winning his Jupiter golf club’s championship and sign an executive order relaxing restrictions on water pressure from shower heads — “I like to take a nice shower to take care of my beautiful hair,” the president cooed. He also ordered an investigation of an election security official he had fired four years ago for having the temerity to acknowledge that the 2020 election was not stolen.

“We’re living in a bizarro world where heroes are being targeted and scoundrels are in a position to target them,” David Axelrod told me.

Trump is also consumed with terms of surrender for top law firms and Ivy League universities in his quest to get even with those he feels went after him unfairly or embraced wokeness too avidly.

My Netflix algorithm searches for “revenge,” “lives ruined” and “mayhem.” But I don’t want that in my government.

Trump is engaging the full power of the presidency to settle scores. The White House was not meant for petty tyrants on revenge tours. In the biggest job in the world, Trump seems like a very small man.

Sign up for the Opinion Today newsletter  Get expert analysis of the news and a guide to the big ideas shaping the world every weekday morning. 

“Revenge is the oxygen that keeps him afloat,” said Tim O’Brien, the Trump biographer.

And he has surrounded himself with small people who elaborately flatter him and puff him up in risible cabinet meetings. Brendan Carr, chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, even has a Maoist golden Trump head on his lapel.

Barack Obama’s White House portrait was nudged aside for one of Trump pumping his fist after the assassination attempt.

The Emperor of Chaos told us to “BE COOL!” as markets cratered and people got “yippy,” as Trump put it. But how is that possible when everything is so unstable?

I had to go to summer school for algebra, but I don’t want a government that’s bad at math. O’Brien wrote in Bloomberg News that Trump’s “tragicomic ‘formula’” for tariffs “somehow positioned Cambodia and Thailand at the top of the heap of countries posing major economic threats to the U.S. and also caused tariffs to be imposed on uninhabited islands near Antarctica.”

Even before Trump opened a Pandora’s box of economic woe, we knew numbers weren’t his strong suit. He had six bankruptcies, and his father had to buy $3.4 million in chips to save one of his casinos.

The most conclusive evidence of his innumeracy was his appearance in 2006 on Howard Stern’s show with Ivanka and Don Jr. The Trump siblings’ insistence that they got into Wharton on their merits inspired Stern to give them a grade school-level pop quiz.

“What’s 17 times 6?” he asked.

After some nervous laughter, Don Jr. replied “96? 94?” His father interjected, “It’s 11 12. It’s 112.”

“Wrong!” Stern said, adding, “It’s 102!”

Donald Trump repeated “112.”

Trump should be alarmed that investors are skittish about buying U.S. government bonds, usually considered safe assets.

“And guess who owns a lot of U.S. debt?” O’Brien said. “China, Japan, Europe. Are they feeling good about us right now?”

As everyone else gets yippy — JPMorgan’s Jamie Dimon warned of a recession — the president seems to be enjoying center stage, toying with the strings like a cat.

“All of this unnecessary, orchestrated dissent and doubt and damage for his own amusement,” O’Brien told me. “He’s the kid in the garage with matches standing next to the gasoline tank.”

Now that Trump’s tariff scheme has gone horribly awry — and the administration’s attempt to spin it as an “Art of the Deal” victory has fallen flat — it remains to be seen if this will be a “Wizard of Oz” moment when the curtain gets pulled back on the con man.

Will the global chaos puncture the sense of mastery that Trump has projected?

“This is not a reality show,” Axelrod said. “This is reality.”

He continued: “People like the idea of cutting waste and fraud and abuse until it means that the Social Security office in your hometown or veterans’ health programs close down, or there are measles outbreaks, because they don’t know what they’re doing. Do these add up so, at some point, people say: ‘You know what? This isn’t really working for me.’”

The former casino owner in the White House brags that he has never gambled. But he is gambling with Americans’ lives and futures. How strange, as even the dollar loses its allure, that a man long considered a branding savant has so badly mucked up the U.S. brand.

Our Last Day in Amsterdam!

 

Dear Commons Community,

This was our last day in Amsterdam.  Tomorrow we fly home to New York.  We started the day by going to Easter Mass at the Church of Our Lady.  What was most interesting is that three languages (Dutch, English and Latin) were used interchangeably. One might think it would be a bit confusing but actually it worked well.  There are several large monitors on the sides of the church that provide language translations as needed.

After mass, we took a stroll along a canal and had brunch.

In the evening, we had a fine meal at Belhamel Restaurant followed by our last walk in Amsterdam.

Nice way to finish our trip.

Doei!

Tony

Church of Our Lady Interior

Our Lord in the Attic  (Ons’ Lieve Heer op Solder)

Church of Our Lord in the Attic

Dear Commons Community,

Elaine and I visited Our Lord in the Attic  (Ons’ Lieve Heer op Solder), a 17th-century  house church and museum in the center of Amsterdam. This Catholic Church was built on the top three floors of a canal house during the 1660s. It is an important example of a “schuilkerk”, or “clandestine church” in which Catholics and other religious dissenters (i.e., Lutherans, Jews) held services beause they were forbidden to do so publicly. The church has been open as a museum since 1888, and has 85,000 visitors annually. We were not aware that such churches existed and to see the artistry of Our Lord… was impressive.

Also, just a few yards down the street from Our Lord… is the oldest building in Amsterdam, Oude Kerk (Old Church) built originally in 1250 and took on its present form in 1570. The inside of Oude Kerk is bare with the exception of its magnificent organ.

Tony

The Altar in Our Lord in the Attic

Sculpture of God the Father in Our Lord in the Attic

Painting of the Assumption and Ascension in Our Lord in the Attic

Alabaster Cameo of Eve in Our Lord in the Attic (Artist Unkown)

 

The Organ in  Our Lord in the Attic

Oude Kerk – Oldest Building in Amsterdam

The Organ in the Oude Kerk

Spent the day in Utrecht

 

Dear Commons Community,

Elaine and I spent the day in Utrecht which is an historic, cultural, religious and education hub of the Netherlands. Although there is some evidence of even earlier inhabitation in the region, Utrecht dates back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE).  The  founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification built around 50 CE. In 723, the Frankish leader Charles Martel established Utrecht as a religious base for bishops  and from then on Utrecht became the most influential seat of power for the Catholic Church in the Netherlands.  Its location on the banks of the river Rhine also allowed Utrecht to become an important trading center.  In 1636, Utrecht University was founded and today enrolls almost 40,000 students and is the largest university in the Netherlands.  It also enjoys an international reputation as one of the leading research universities in Europe.

The old part of Utrecht is incredibly charming with lots of small streets, alleys, and shops.  Restaurants dot along the canals.  It is an easy place to walk and Elaine and I logged six miles in one day.

Exhausting but fun!

Tony

 

 

Tower of Domtoren which was part of the Cathedral of St. Martin

Statue of Liberty in Front of the Cathedral

Gardens outside of the Cathedral

Main altar of the Cathedral

Academic Center of Utrecht University

Protest signs were posted on a number of windows of the Utrecht University Academic Center

 

Zaanse Schans – Preserved Dutch Village and Windmills

Dear Commons Community,

Yesterday Elaine and I visited the scenic Dutch village of Zaanse Schans near Zaandik, Netherlands, best known for its collection of historic windmills and wooden houses, several of which were relocated there from the wider region north of Amsterdam. The windmills and wooden houses were built in  the 16th through the 18th centuries. From 1961 to 1974, old buildings from all over the region were relocated using lowboy trailers.

Zaanse Schans derived its name from the river Zaan and its original function as a sconce (schans in Dutch) or fortification against the Spanish troops during the Eighty Years’ War of Dutch independence.  In addition to the windmills and houses, Zaanse Schans also is home to seven small museums. 

In sum, Zaanse Schans is a must see for any visit to the Netherlands.

Tony

Inside of a Windmill