Corey Robin on The End of the Take-Home Essay:  How ChatGPT Changed My Plans for the Fall!

Jon Krause for The Chronicle

Dear Commons Community,

Corey Robin, a professor of political science at Brooklyn College, had a featured article earlier this week in The Chronicle of Higher Education entitled, “The End of the Take-Home Essay:  How ChatGPT Changed My Plans for the Fall.” In it, he rues about his decision to abandon take-home essays in favor of in-class tests.  His is a decision that many faculty are grappling with in this era of generative AI.  Here is an excerpt.

“Until this summer, I had avoided getting worked up about ChatGPT. My position, prompted by this Columbia undergraduate’s article in The Chronicle, was that if students know enough about writing essays to make ChatGPT work for them without detection by a minimally alert instructor, they have probably mastered the essentials of the art of essay-writing more than the author of that piece seems to realize. I could rest easy in the knowledge that, at least, I wasn’t not teaching my students what they needed to learn how to do.

But a more recent Chronicle article, by a Harvard undergraduate, made me think again. It showed that GPT-4 — the latest iteration of OpenAI’s GPT software …. could write plausible papers on a range of subjects, from Latin American history to Proust’s In Search of Lost Time, that earned A’s and B’s from qualified instructors.”

Robin goes on to describe the benefits of writing as a learning exercise and as a way to organize one’s thinking, He comments: 

“Academic writing has never simply been about producing good papers. It’s about ordering one’s world, taking the confusion that confronts us and turning it into something intelligible, wresting coherence from chaos. And knowing that that doesn’t happen spontaneously or instinctively.

That’s not a skill for college only. It’s a lifelong practice.”

He concludes:

“When I return to the classroom this fall, I’m going to do something I’ve never done in my 30 years of teaching. Instead of take-home essays, I’ll be requiring in-class writing, including midterms and finals.

I dread this decision. It decreases the amount of class time spent discussing the texts we’re reading, of which there is already never enough. It eliminates the elements of process and revision that are so important to writing. I hope to re-incorporate those elements, but I’m not yet confident or clear about how.

The truth is, I don’t know what is to be done. Some days, I feel like giving up. But as that’s not an option I leave for my students, it’s not an option I can take for myself.

So we’ll approach this situation the way we approach our writing: as a challenge, an experiment, a draft, knowing that we can, and must, eventually revise.”

Excellent insights! 

I agree with much of what Robin says especially about the benefits of writing.  However, this past spring, I allowed my graduate students to use ChatGPT or Bard for their take-home essay assignments.  I did ask them to cite it appropriately and to conclude their papers with an evaluation of using generative AI for their assignments.  The nature of these writing assignments were such that they had to relate an issue to their particular school experiences which made it difficult if not impossible for generative AI to write the entire essay. I found the results positive and will encourage them again in the future.

Tony

Today’s March on Washington’s 60th anniversary, leaders such as Andrew Young will seek the energy of original movement for civil rights!

The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, speaks to thousands during his “I Have a Dream” speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial for the March on Washington on Aug. 28, 1963. (AP Photo/File)

Dear Commons Community,

Sixty years ago the March on Washington which is still considered one of the greatest and most consequential racial justice demonstrations in U.S. history, will be commemorated today with a second March on Washington. 

The original  nonviolent protest, which attracted as many as 250,000 to the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, helped till the ground for passage of federal civil rights and voting rights legislation in the next few years.  The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, spoke to the gathering during his “I Have a Dream” speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial

But in the decades that followed, the civil rights gains feeding the freedom high felt by Andrew Young and others came under increasing threat. A close adviser to the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., Young went on to become a congressman, a U.N. ambassador and Atlanta’s mayor. He sees clear progress from the time when Black Americans largely had no guarantee of equal rights under the law. But he hasn’t ignored the setbacks.

“We take two steps forward, and they make us take one step back,” Young told The Associated Press in an interview at the offices of his Atlanta-based foundation.

“It’s a slow process that depends on the politics of the nation.” At 91 years old, an undeterred Young will gather again with Black civil rights leaders and a multiracial, interfaith coalition of allies today, to mark 60 years since the first March

The organizers of this year’s commemoration don’t see this as an occasion for kumbaya — not in the face of eroded voting rights nationwide, after the recent striking down of affirmative action in college admissions and abortion rights by the Supreme Court, and amid growing threats of political violence and hatred against people of color, Jews and the LGBTQ community.

Young said he thinks it unwise for him to predict how successful this year’s March on Washington will be. But his Christian faith tells him to not place limits on what is possible.

“If there is a place where we can learn to live together as brothers and sisters, rather than perish together as fools, it’s the United States of America,” he said.

Amen!

Tony

New Book on “Data Analytics and Adaptive Learning” by Patsy Moskal, Charles Dziuban and Anthony Picciano!

Dear Commons Community,

I am pleased to announce that a new book entitled, Data Analytics and Adaptive Learning:  Research Perspectives  edited by Patsy Moskal, Charles Dziuban, and Anthony G. Picciano was just published yesterday and is available at Routledge/Taylor & Francis and at Amazon.com

My co-editors and I provide new insights into the growing use of data analytics in education based on the views of a world-class group of leaders and researchers.  It explores issues of definition and pedagogical practice that permeate teaching and learning and concludes with recommendations for the future research and practice necessary to support educators at all levels.

Here is what some of our reviewers have had to say:

“This book is an essential guide to the promise and practice of data analytics and adaptive learning in higher education. These pioneers and practitioners share valuable insights all institutions can use to enhance learning and student success.”

―Diana G. Oblinger, Ph.D., President Emeritus, EDUCAUSE

“Impacts on learning we called overdetermined can now be parsed but need an informed judgment rising to the complexities involved. Data Analytics and Adaptive Learning, a collection of the very best thinking about both, provides just that, rendering the (potentially) all-seeing and hyper-focused approaches of DA and AL fruitful, humane, transformative.”

―George Otte, former University Director of Academic Technology, The City University of New York

“At last: a book by education experts about the use of digital Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) not only for lowering the friction in data, but for processing information to help teachers and students. This can be the beginning of a more radical change in education.”

―Anders Norberg, Coordinator of the ERASMUS+ALBATTS Blueprint Project – European Union Initiative for Education Mobility and Development)

“Digital learning is the new normal in higher education. The group of experts assembled in this book share important ideas and trends related to learning analytics and adaptive learning that will surely influence all of our digital learning environments in the future.”

―Charles R. Graham, Professor, Department of Instructional Psychology and Technology, Brigham Young University

“The concept of personalized and adaptive learning has long been touted but seldom enacted in education at scale. Data Analytics and Adaptive Learning brings together a compelling set of experts that provide novel and research informed insights into contemporary education spaces.”

―Professor Shane Dawson, Executive Dean Education Futures, University of South Australia

“Moskal, Dziuban, and Picciano challenge the reader to keep the student at the center and imagine how data analytics and adaptive learning can be mutually reinforcing in closing the gap between students from different demographics.”

―Susan Rundell Singer, Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost, Rollins College, former Division Director for Undergraduate Education at the National Science Foundation

Below is the Table of Contents.

I hope you consider picking up a copy and let us know what you think!

Tony

———————————————————————————

Table of Contents

Section 1: Introduction

1. Data Analytics and Adaptive Learning: Increasing the Odds

Section 2: Analytics

2. What We Want Versus What We Have: Transforming Teacher Performance Analytics to Personalize Professional Development

3. System-Wide Momentum

4. A Precise and Consistent Early Warning System for Identifying At-Risk Students

5. Predictive Analytics, Artificial Intelligence and the Impact of Delivering Personalized Supports to Students from Underserved Backgrounds

6. Predicting Student Success with Self-regulated Behaviors: A Seven-year Data Analytics Study on a Hong Kong University English Course

7. Back to Bloom: Why Theory Matters in Closing the Achievement Gap

8. The Metaphors We Learn By: Toward a Philosophy of Learning Analytics

Section 3: Adaptive Learning

9. A Cross-Institutional Survey of the Instructor Use of Data Analytics in Adaptive Courses

10. Data Analytics in Adaptive Learning for Equitable Outcomes

11. Banking on Adaptive Questions to Nudge Student Responsibility for Learning in General Chemistry

12. 3-Year Experience with Adaptive Learning: Faculty and Student Perspectives

13. Analyzing Question Items with Limited Data 14. When Adaptivity and Universal Design for Learning are Not Enough: Bayesian Network Recommendations for Tutoring

Section 4: Organizational Transformation

15. Sprint to 2027: Corporate Analytics in the Digital Age

16. Academic Digital Transformation: Focused on Data, Equity and Learning Science

Section 5: Closing

17. Future Technological Trends and Research

 

Trump Mugshot: Send Money!

Dear Commons Community,

Former President Donald Trump made the wrong kind of history yesterday, becoming the first current or former US president to get his mug shot taken while being booked at an Atlanta jail over his attempts to reverse the 2020 election results in Georgia.

Trump, 77, turned himself in to authorities at the Fulton County Jail following his grand jury indictment on Aug. 14 on charges including racketeering, conspiracy, false statements and asking a public official to violate their oath of office.

He was released on a $200,000 bond and agreed to an order limiting his ability to post on social media about witnesses or co-defendants in the case.

Getting his mugshot taken was “not a comfortable feeling — especially when you’ve done nothing wrong,” the former commander in chief told Fox News Digital hours later.

“They insisted on a mugshot and I agreed to do that,” he added. “This is the only time I’ve ever taken a mugshot.”

Trump attorney Alina Habba said earlier this month that the decision to snap a mug shot of the former president was “a bit of an ego trip” on the part of Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis.

“The purpose of a mug shot is when you don’t recognize someone, you think there’s a flight risk,” Habba told Fox News. “This man is the most famous person in the world, the leading [Republican] candidate right now.”

The 41-count indictment also charged 18 other Trump allies and supporters, including attorneys Rudy Giuliani, John Eastman, Sidney Powell, Jenna Ellis and Kenneth Chesebro — all of whom surrendered this week for booking.

Trump is using the mugshot to beg for money from his supporters.

How pathetic!

Tony

 

Takeaways from the First Republican Presidential Debate – Vivek Ramaswamy, Nicki Haley, Mike Pence, and Chris Christie had considerable air time!

Dear Commons Community,

I watched the first Republican debate last night and came away less than enthused.  Several candidates namely  Vivek Ramaswamy, Nicki Haley, Mike Pence, and Chris Christie had considerable air time.  The audience  was disrespectful at times and moderators were not up to controlling it.  Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, who has been ahead of the others on the stage in the polls,  needed a big breakout moment  to prove he was still Trump’s number one challenger.  That moment did not happen.

The candidates piled on Ramaswamy, the 38-year-old entrepreneur and rich outsider who’s been steadily building momentum, suggesting his rivals may view the millennial upstart as a bigger threat than Florida’s governor. D eSantis, who appeared stiff but confident at center stage, dodged questions on the six-week abortion ban he signed into law earlier this year and the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol.

His rivals attempted to hold his feet to the flames over whether former Vice President Mike Pence “did the right thing” on Jan. 6 when he refused to give in to then-President Donald Trump’s demands that he not certify the electoral vote for Joe Biden — one of the surprisingly few times that Trump, the clear front-runner for the 2024 Republican presidential nomination, actually came up in the course of the debate.

“The American people deserve to know whether everyone on this stage agrees that I kept my oath to the Constitution,” Pence said, over crosstalk and applause from the audience. “There’s no more important duty, so answer the question.”

“Mike did his duty,” DeSantis finally admitted. “I got no beef with him.”

That line — neither a glowing endorsement of Pence nor a significant show of political courage from DeSantis — could go down as one of his most memorable from a debate.

Below are several key takeaways courtesy of The Huffington Post.

Tony

——————————————————

Nikki Haley shoots her shot.

Former South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley launched her campaign before anyone else on the debate stage, with arguably the least to show for it.

That changed when Haley, who was U.N. ambassador during Trump’s administration, got to show off her foreign policy chops against Ramaswamy. Haley challenged Ramaswamy on his controversial position that Russia be given some control over Ukraine in order to end the Russia-Ukraine war and cleave Russia away from China. Ramaswamy argues that a military alliance between Russia and China is a bigger threat to U.S. interests than Russia’s actions in Ukraine, a position that Haley strongly disputed.

Haley hammered Ramaswamy over Ukraine, speaking over him and refusing to back down. The exchange showed that Haley’s talk of toughness wasn’t just bluster. She called Ramaswamy’s views on the war dangerous, underscoring his lack of experience and controversial policy ideas.

“You are choosing a murderer over a pro-American country,” Haley said, referring to Russian President Vladimir Putin. “You would make America less safe. You have no foreign policy experience, and it shows.”

The Major Attitude Toward Trump? Ambivalence.

When the moderators pressed the eight candidates on whether they would support Trump as the nominee if he is convicted of criminal charges, all the contenders except Christie and former Arkansas Gov. Asa Hutchinson raised their hands. (Christie appeared to raise his hand but then clarified that he was only shaking his finger in disapproval.)

But more of the candidates broke with Trump on the question of Pence’s conduct on Jan. 6. Backing Pence over Trump clearly implies Trump’s contention that Pence could have overturned the 2020 election results but would not ― an idea that famously led Jan. 6 rioters to chant for Pence’s hanging ― was wrong.

Christie, predictably, led the way. “Mike Pence stood for the Constitution, and he deserves not grudging credit. He deserves our thanks as Americans for putting his oath of office and the Constitution of the United States before personal, political and unfair pressure.”

Christie’s comments, which concluded with a call to reject Trump this time around, elicited some boos but also a louder chorus of cheers.

Haley, Scott, and Burgum all had no trouble answering in the affirmative when asked about Pence’s behavior, though they weren’t necessarily eager to dwell on it.

“Absolutely — he did the right thing,” Scott responded.

“I do think that Vice President Pence did the right thing, and I do think that we need to give him credit for that,” Haley said.

“Mike Pence did the right thing on Jan. 6,” Burgum offered.

DeSantis showed the most reluctance to take a position. He initially responded by attacking the question as irrelevant. “This election is not about Jan. 6 of 2021,” DeSantis said. “It’s about Jan. 20 of 2025, when the next president is going to take office.”

But the moderators, with Pence’s help, persisted.

“I think the American people deserve to know whether everyone on this stage agrees that I kept my oath to the Constitution that day,” Pence said to loud cheers.

Forced to weigh in, DeSantis briefly expressed approval for Pence’s actions before launching into another tirade about how the line of questioning helps Democrats.

“Mike did his duty. I got no beef with him.”

– Gov. Ron DeSantis on Mike Pence’s actions on Jan. 6, 2021

“Mike did his duty. I got no beef with him,” he said.

In Haley’s response to the question about Pence, by contrast, she chose to speak unprompted about Trump’s weakness as a general election candidate, even as she maintained that it should be up to the voters, not the courts.

“We have to look at the fact that three-quarters of Americans don’t want a rematch between Trump and Biden,” she said. “And we have to face the fact that Trump is the most disliked politician in America. We can’t win a general election that way.”

Joe Biden Emerged Relatively Unscathed.

All eight of the Republican contenders on the debate stage are hoping to oust President Joe Biden, but you could be forgiven for temporarily forgetting that while watching the debate. The GOP hopefuls were so busy blasting each other’s conservative credentials that attacking Biden became a relative afterthought.

Early on in the debate, DeSantis lit into “Bidenomics,” a term Biden has adopted to describe his economic vision for the country.

Arresting the country’s decline, DeSantis argued, “starts with understanding we must reverse Bidenomics so that middle-class families have a chance to succeed again.”

“We cannot succeed as a country if you are working hard and can’t afford groceries, a car or a new home while Hunter Biden can make hundreds of thousands of dollars on lousy paintings,” DeSantis added. “That is wrong.”

But Haley insisted that Republicans are every bit to blame for the country’s inflation problem and growing debt.

“Donald Trump added $8 trillion to our debt,” she said. “And our kids are never going to forgive us for this.”

Biden clipped the video of her remarks and posted it approvingly on X, the social media app formerly known as Twitter. “What she said,” Biden’s campaign account wrote.

After admitting that she believes climate change is real, Haley did rip Biden for funding the development of renewable energy, claiming that electric vehicle battery production is a boon to mega-polluting China. “That’s not helping the environment. You’re putting money in China’s pocket. And Biden did that.”

DeSantis, for his part, blasted Biden’s response to the mass-fatality wildfire in Maui, Hawaii. “Biden was on the beach while those people were suffering,” DeSantis said. “He was asked about it, he said, ‘No comment.’ Are you kidding me?”

Finally, toward the end of the debate, some Republican contenders also suggested that Biden’s age should disqualify him from the presidency. But the relative absence of Biden’s name from the debate, along with the right-wing positions adopted by the candidates, was enough for the Biden campaign to declare victory.

“No one on stage ‘won’ tonight’s debate,” Vice President Kamala Harris said in a post-debate statement. “Instead, the American people heard how much they stand to lose from an extremist agenda.”

Ramaswamy vs. Pence Summed Up The GOP’s Generational Divide.

The most telling back-and-forth between Ramaswamy and a rival came during a discussion of how to address violent crime and mental illness. Ramaswamy and Pence’s skirmish embodied a broader disagreement between pre-Trump conservatives like Pence, who emulate former President Ronald Reagan’s sunny optimism, and a mostly younger cohort of populists who see an ailing country mired in a “cultural civil war.”

Ramaswamy argued that in addition to hiring more cops and reopening mental institutions, a “national identity crisis” is driving people to severe mental illness and antisocial behavior.

“I say this as a member of my generation,” said Ramaswamy, a 38-year-old graduate of Yale Law School. “The problem in our country right now, the reason we have that mental health epidemic, is that people are so hungry for purpose and meaning at a time when family, faith, patriotism, hard work have all disappeared.

“What we really need is a tonal reset from the top, saying that, ‘This is what it means to be an American,’” he added. “Yes, we will stand for the rule of law. Yes, we will close the southern border, where criminals are coming in every day. And, yes, we will back law enforcement because we remember who we really are.”

Pence, who had earlier blasted Ramaswamy for his inexperience, interjected to accuse Ramaswamy of being down on the American people.

“We don’t have an identity crisis, Vivek. We’re not looking for a new national identity. The American people are the most faith-loving, idealistic, hard-working people the world has ever known. We just need government as good as our people.”

Ramaswamy responded by accusing Pence of being stuck in the antiquated paradigm championed by Reagan, for decades a saintly figure in modern conservatism. When Reagan ran for reelection in 1984, his campaign aired a famously optimistic television advertisement called “Morning in America.”

“You might have, some others like you on this stage might have, a ‘Morning in America’ speech,” Ramaswamy said. “It is not ‘Morning in America.’ We live in a dark moment. And we have to confront the fact that we’re an internal sort of cultural civil war.”

Although Pence was Trump’s running mate, his comments speak to his more traditional brand of U.S. conservatism. Prior to Trump’s election in 2016, it would have been virtually unthinkable for a major Republican presidential candidate to speak disparagingly about anything Reagan uttered. Pence’s type of conservative tends to focus on government spending and restricting abortion rights ― in other words, questions of policy.

Ramaswamy, by contrast, sees a country locked in a cultural battle for its soul. In fact, his dark depiction of the country called to mind Trump’s gloomy inaugural address.

Ramaswamy didn’t dismiss every aspect of Reagan’s legacy, however. Later on in the evening, Ramaswamy said he hoped to replicate Reagan’s 1980 “revolution” by building a “multi-ethnic working-class majority.”

Add Rudy Giuliani’s Mug Shot to Eight Others Indicted in Atlanta Georgia!

The Fulton County Sheriff's Office mug shot of former Trump attorney Rudy Giuliani.

Rudy Giuliani, former Trump attorney

Giuliani, a longtime friend of Trump’s, was also central to Trump’s scheme to overturn the election. He is facing over a dozen charges for spreading lies about election fraud and falsely claiming that voting machines were tampered with to intentionally hurt Trump. He also lied about voter fraud in a Georgia Senate hearing about the election.

Dear Commons Community,

Last week, a grand jury in Georgia accused former President Donald Trump and 18 co-conspirators of scheming to overturn the state’s results of the 2020 presidential election so that he could remain in office.

In the Aug. 14 indictment are racketeering and corrupt organizations statutes that, in addition to Trump, have resulted in a long list of charges for his close allies like Rudy Giuliani and John Eastman.

Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis gave all 19 defendants until tomorrow to surrender. As of last night, nine of the indicted co-conspirators have turned themselves in to the Fulton County Sheriff’s Office. Trump, whose bond has been set at $200,000, has confirmed he will surrender today.

Despite now being indicted in four criminal cases, Trump has managed to avoid getting his mug shot taken. But soon after the indictment’s release, Fulton County Sheriff Patrick Labat said the defendants ― including Trump ― will not receive any special treatment when they arrive for their arraignment.

“It doesn’t matter your status. We have a mug shot ready for you,” he told NPR. “Unless someone tells me differently, we are following our normal practices.”

So far, Labat has stayed true to his word. Below are the mug shots of the other eight defendants that have turned themselves in, as provided by the Fulton County Sheriff’s Office.

Tony

———————————————————————-

John Eastman, former Trump attorney

Eastman was instrumental in some of Trump’s efforts to remain in power, notably for writing a memo that argued the former president could keep his seat if then-Vice President Mike Pence overturned the election results during a joint session of Congress on Jan. 6, 2021. The plan included implementing “fake” electors in seven battleground states ― including Georgia ― who would falsely certify Trump’s win.

Eastman surrendered on Tuesday, and has since been released on a $100,000 bond.

The Fulton County Sheriff's Office mug shot of former Trump attorney John Eastman.

The Fulton County Sheriff’s Office mug shot of former Trump attorney John Eastman.
Fulton County Sheriff’s Office.

Sidney Powell, former Trump attorney

Powell was proudly one of Trump’s most involved lawyers when it came to filing lawsuits across the country challenging the results of the 2020 election. Prosecutors said Powell was one of many who met conservative attorney Lin Wood “for the purpose of exploring options to influence the results of the November 2020 elections in Georgia and elsewhere.”

Powell surrendered Wednesday on a $100,000 bond.

The Fulton County Sheriff's Office mug shot of former Trump attorney Sidney Powell.

The Fulton County Sheriff’s Office mug shot of former Trump attorney Sidney Powell.
Fulton County Sheriff’s Office

Jenna Ellis, former Trump attorney

Ellis vocally pushed lies about voter fraud, even after the 2020 hearing by Georgia state lawmakers in which Trump allies repeatedly pushed false claims about the election results. She also wrote two memos arguing that Pence should ignore the electoral college votes from certain battleground states, like Georgia.

Ellis surrendered on Wednesday on a $100,000 bond.

The Fulton County Sheriff's Office mug shot of former Trump attorney Jenna Ellis.

The Fulton County Sheriff’s Office mug shot of former Trump attorney Jenna Ellis.
Fulton County Sheriff’s Office

Kenneth Chesebro, former Trump attorney

Chesebro, who served as counsel for the Trump campaign, worked after the election to implement a plan to have 16 Georgia Republicans sign a certificate falsely stating that Trump won the race, and declaring themselves the state’s qualified electors.

Chesebro surrendered on Wednesday on a $100,000 bond.

The Fulton County Sheriff's Office mug shot of former Trump attorney Kenneth Chesebro.

The Fulton County Sheriff’s Office mug shot of former Trump attorney Kenneth Chesebro.
Fulton County Sheriff’s Office

Ray Smith, Georgia lawyer

Smith was involved in multiple lawsuits challenging the results of the 2020 election in Georgia. He helped gather witnesses to testify on nonexistent voter fraud during the 2020 Georgia legislative hearing on the election.

Smith surrendered Wednesday on a $50,000 bond.

The Fulton County Sheriff's Office mug shot of Atlanta-based attorney Ray Smith.

The Fulton County Sheriff’s Office mug shot of Atlanta-based attorney Ray Smith.
Fulton County Sheriff’s Office

David Shafer, former Georgia GOP chair

Shafer was one of the 16 state Republicans who posed as fake electors in order to falsely declare that Trump had won the election in Georgia, and that they are “duly elected and qualified” electors. He also joined Trump in a lawsuit challenging the 2020 election’s certification in Georgia.

Shafer surrendered Wednesday on a $75,000 bond.

The Fulton County Sheriff's Office mug shot of former Georgia GOP chair David Shafer.

The Fulton County Sheriff’s Office mug shot of former Georgia GOP chair David Shafer.
Fulton County Sheriff’s Office

Cathleen Latham, former Coffee County GOP chair

Latham was one of the 16 Republicans who posed as a “fake” elector in Georgia in order to declare that Trump had won the 2020 election in the state. As head of the Coffee County Republican Party, she welcomed a computer forensics team into the county elections office so they could copy software and data from voting machines.

Latham surrendered Wednesday on a $75,000 bond.

The Fulton County Sheriff's Office mug shot of former Coffee County GOP chair Cathleen Latham.

The Fulton County Sheriff’s Office mug shot of former Coffee County GOP chair Cathleen Latham.
Fulton County Sheriff’s Office

Scott Hall, Georgia bail bondsman

Hall was involved in gathering voting data from machines in Coffee County, where Latham allowed a computer forensic team to interfere with Dominion Voting Systems equipment at the county elections office.

Hall surrendered Tuesday on a $10,000 bond.

The Fulton County Sheriff's Office mug shot of Atlanta-area bail bondsman Scott Hall.

The Fulton County Sheriff’s Office mug shot of Atlanta-area bail bondsman Scott Hall.
Fulton County Sheriff’s Office

New Book: “Great Kingdoms of Africa” Edited by John Parker!

 

Dear Commons Community,

I have just finished reading Great Kingdoms of Africa edited by John Parker and published by the University of California Press. Parker taught the history of Africa at the University of London.  For those of us who were educated in the Western Canon, this book is a good introduction to nine  kingdoms and cultures that existed in Africa going back millennia to Egypt and Nubia and to the more recent past with the Zulu. It covers a lot of important history and aspects of African cultures including religion, economics, conflicts and of course the slave trade and European influences.  It is a slow read mainly because the names of people and places are difficult to follow for those of us unfamiliar with the subject. Regardless, I would recommend it to anyone who would like to fill in a gap in their knowledge of the history of Africa.

Below is a review that appeared in The Past.

Tony

—————————————————

The Past

Great Kingdoms of Africa

Edited by John Parker, University of California Press Thames & Hudson.

Review by Nigel Fletcher-Jones

This volume brings together eight historians of Africa under the editorship of John Parker (formerly at SOAS, University of London) to discuss the origins and structure of kingdoms through time and across the continent – from ancient Egypt and Nubia (the earliest known African kingdoms) to the Zulu kingdom of the 19th century.

In the not-too-distant past it was assumed that it was improbable that these great kingdoms could have emerged without the intervention of some other entity, be that ancient or early medieval Egypt, dar-al-Islam (the Islamic core regions), or various European influences – particularly those associated with the Atlantic slave trade or with settlement. Through the use of oral and precolonial (where available), colonial, and post-colonial written records alongside archaeology and linguistic evidence, the authors put these (at best) dubious notions aside here.

Within 5,000 years of recorded history, many hundreds of African kingdoms rose and fell, but these authors deal with nine of the largest states, groups of states, or empires: ancient Egypt and Nubia, the Sudanic (that is, below the Sahara) empires, the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, the Yoruba and Benin kingdoms, the Kongo kingdom, Buganda, the Hausa kingdoms and the Sokoto Caliphate, the Kingdom of Asante, and the Zulu kingdom. They attempt to reconstruct their evolutionary development as distinct local phenomena and in relation to their neighbours and predecessors. In doing so, for the most part, the contributors stress the degree to which royal power was related to ritual authority and the king’s role as an agent of fertility. The king was also often seen either as, or descended from, a heroic warrior or a mythical ‘sacred stranger’ from elsewhere. In most of the presented case studies, there is an interesting emphasis, as well, on how checks and balances were applied to the power of kings and emperors through ritual, councils, or the balancing power of chiefs and/or clan leaders.

There is much here of note too concerning the role of Islam and Christianity, and their use by kings as agents of change – in combination with older established beliefs and practices. The roles of trade routes and ecological ‘transition zones’ also attract significant attention and may help to explain why many African peoples did not pursue kingship as much as why others did.

The reader will no doubt find their own areas of interest, but, for this reviewer, Cécile Fromont’s chapter on the Kongo kingdom (the core area of which is encompassed today by Angola and the DRC) stands out. Her chapter emphasises the use to which ancient precedent and powerful new supernatural forces, in this case in the form of Christianity, could be utilised to support the position of the king and in attempting to implement change. A particular flourish is the examination of the role of the Atlantic slave trade in the kingdom – almost half of the Africans transported to the Americas came from Kongo, Angola, and central Africa – and of how some elements of Kongo culture travelled with them.

John Parker’s chapter on the origins of the kingdom of Asante (for the most part bounded by modern Ghana), with its wealth derived from forest agriculture and gold production, and Muhammadu Mustapha Gwadabe’s chapter on the Hausa kingdoms, the Sokoto caliphate (largely bounded by modern Nigeria), and the role of Islam are also particularly notable.

Great Kingdoms of Africa is well-illustrated, with two colour sections. Yet it sits firmly in that class of books in which the authors have restrained themselves from too much unexplained technical vocabulary, but possibly not enough to make the book readily accessible to the general reader. Though, as a contributed volume, it is inevitably sometimes repetitive, there is much that is insightful, new, and useful to commend this book.

 

Bud Light sales see little momentum going into Labor Day!

Dear Commons Community,

Anheuser-Busch InBev’s (BUD) Bud Light volumes crashed 28.1% year over year for the week ending Aug. 13, according to new data from Circana and Evercore ISI yesterday. Bud Light has seen annual volume declines of more than 28% in each of the last four weeks.

The lone positive: Volume declines have improved from a 32% drop at the height of the controversy surrounding the brand for the week ending July 2.

The Bud Light uproar started after transgender influencer Dylan Mulvaney created an Instagram post during the March Madness basketball tournament endorsing the light beer.

Following the post on April 1, AB InBev saw Bud Light sales trend lower through April. The declines appeared to accelerate following an April 3 video from musician Kid Rock, which spurred a wider boycott by many on the right.

To try and stem the sales weakness, Budweiser offered US consumers in most states a rebate of up to $15 on a 15-pack or larger for July 4. And industry experts have pointed to additional discounts on Bud Light since July 4.

But those efforts have largely fallen flat.

The sales pressure has stretched well into the peak summer drinking months as the controversy has continued to play out on social media and in national headlines.

AB InBev has used the challenging sales moment to lower its costs. Earlier this month, it inked a deal to sell eight of its beer and beverage brands to cannabis player Tilray. The brands being sold included notable names such as Shock Top and Blue Point.

Analysts are speculating if more cost cuts are needed given the uncertain outlook for Bud Light.

“Continued weakness begs the question of whether Anheuser-Busch InBev and/or its distributors will have to make significant structural changes to reduce their cost basis if trends don’t improve over the next few months,” Evercore ISI analyst Robert Ottenstein wrote.

Anheuser-Busch InBev stock has fallen 7% in the past six months as the sales declines persist. The S&P 500 advanced nearly 10%. Meanwhile, Molson Coors (TAP) shares are up 17% while Corona maker Constellation Brands’ (STZ) stock has gained 15%.

I had two Bud Lights yesterday while having lunch with my son, Michael!

Tony

Michael Cohen Calls Trump ‘Truly An Idiot’ for Throwing His Attorneys “Under the Bus”

Michael Cohen

Dear Commons Community,

Michael Cohen, former personal attorney to Donald Trump, said there’s a simple explanation for the former president’s decision to refuse to pay legal fees for some of those indicted alongside him.

“Donald’s an idiot,” he told CNN’s Kaitlan Collins. “Let me just be very clear when it comes to paying money: He is truly an idiot.”

Former Trump attorney Jenna Ellis, who helped with his failed effort to overturn the 2020 election and has been charged alongside him in the Georgia criminal case, said the former president isn’t picking up the tab for her defense.

And former Trump attorney/New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani, who was also indicted for his role in attempting to subvert democracy, has reportedly traveled to Florida to plead for money for his defense, but didn’t get much.

Cohen said that decision could haunt the former president.

“He has not learned yet… three people you don’t want to throw under the bus like that: your lawyer, your doctor, and your mechanic,” he told Collins. “Because, one way or the other, you’re gonna go down the hill and there’ll be no brakes.”

He said Giuliani in particular should cooperate with investigators.

“He’s gonna need to speak,” Cohen said. “And he’s gonna need to speak before everybody else does.”

Asked if Trump was making a mistake by not paying for Giuliani’s defense, Cohen shot back: “Absolutely.”

Cohen spent years as Trump’s loyal fixer, but eventually turned on him when he cooperated with investigators and pleaded guilty to campaign finance violations, lying to Congress and other charges ― all of which, he has said, was done for Trump.

Cohen makes a good point – Turn Rudy Turn!

Tony

 

Video: Ron DeSantis Attacks Trump’s Cult Of Personality, Calls Devotees ‘Listless Vessels’

Dear Commons Community,

2024 Republican presidential hopeful and Florida Governor Ron DeSantis called out  Donald Trump’s hold on the Republican Party during a sit-down interview with The Florida Standard, calling Trump followers “listless vessels.”  See video below.

“You could be the most conservative person since sliced bread. Unless you’re kissing his rear end, they will somehow call you a RINO,” he said, challenging those who call conservative Trump critics “Republicans in name only.”

“A movement can’t be about the personality of one individual,” DeSantis went on. “The movement has got to be about what are you trying to achieve on behalf of the American people and that’s got to be based in principle, because if you’re not rooted in principle, if all we are is listless vessels that’s just supposed to follow whatever happens to come down the pike on Truth Social every morning, that’s not going to be a durable movement.”

Once wary of criticizing his top-polling rival for the Republican presidential candidacy, DeSantis seems to be more willing to take on Trump as the governor’s poll numbers have lagged and Trump’s legal woes have continued.

Weighing in on Trump’s continued claims of a botched 2020 election, DeSantis told NBC’s Dana Bash in early August, “Of course he lost. Joe Biden’s the president.”

This month, the former president was criminally indicted in both Washington, D.C., and in Georgia over alleged schemes to overturn the 2020 presidential election.

DeSantis also questioned Trump’s electability in an interview with Fox News’ Bret Baier last month, saying, “There’s too many voters who just aren’t going to vote for him going forward.”

Meanwhile, the former president seems more and more confident he’ll be the one to clinch the Republican presidential nomination.

Support for Trump appears to have surged following his pair of August indictments. (He is also facing charges in Florida and New York on separate matters.)

A CBS/YouGov poll published Sunday revealed 62% of likely Republican voters still plan to vote for Trump in the primary, compared with 54% reported by The New York Times at the end of July.

Amid his overwhelming lead, Trump has decided not to participate in the first Republican presidential debate.

Instead of sparring with DeSantis and his fellow Republican hopefuls on Wednesday, Trump will sit down for a one-on-one interview with ousted Fox News anchor Tucker Carlson.

DeSantis spokesperson Bryan Griffin tried to reframe the comments after they riled up the “Make America Great Again” base on Saturday.

“The dishonest media refuses to report the facts,” Griffin wrote on X, the social media platform formerly known as Twitter. “Donald Trump and some congressional endorsers are ‘listless vessels.’ Why? Because Trump and DC insiders feel he is entitled to your vote.”

“That’s why Ron DeSantis will be showing up on Wednesday night to debate, and Donald Trump will not,” he continued.

It will be interesting to see if and how DeSantis refers to Trump and his followers at the GOP Debate tomorrow night on national TV.

Tony

The DeSantis comment about “listless vessels” comes at about the 1:40 mark.

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